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Human biomonitoring in Israel: past, present, future.

Tamar Berman1, Yona Amitai, Shlomo Almog

  • 1Public Health Services, Israel Ministry of Health, King David Street 20, Jerusalem, Israel. tamar.berman@moh.health.gov.il

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health
|January 6, 2012
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Human biomonitoring in Israel has evolved from targeted studies to national assessments of chemical exposures. Recent findings show higher phthalate and pesticide metabolite levels in pregnant women, highlighting the need for broader population monitoring.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Human biomonitoring (HBM) in Israel began in the 1970s-80s, initially focusing on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine insecticides.
  • Regional studies in the late 1990s assessed blood lead levels in children, correlating with reduced lead emissions from phasing out leaded gasoline.
  • Recent pilot studies revealed widespread exposure to phthalates, organophosphate pesticides, and bendiocarb in pregnant women, with significantly higher metabolite concentrations compared to US populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To track historical and current chemical exposures in the Israeli population.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of environmental policies, such as the phase-out of leaded gasoline.
  • To establish national biomonitoring programs for comprehensive exposure assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Historical HBM studies measured PCBs, organochlorine insecticides, and lead.
  • Regional studies analyzed blood lead levels in children across Israel, Jordan, and the Palestinian Authority.
  • Recent and ongoing studies utilize biomonitoring to assess exposure to phthalates, organophosphates, bisphenol A, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, phytoestrogens, and cotinine in general and specific populations.

Main Results:

  • Early studies established baseline exposures to legacy pollutants.
  • Lead levels in children decreased, demonstrating the impact of environmental policy changes.
  • Pregnant women in Jerusalem showed significantly higher levels of phthalate and organophosphate metabolites than US counterparts.
  • The first National Biomonitoring Study is underway to assess a wide range of chemical exposures in the adult population.

Conclusions:

  • Human biomonitoring in Israel has expanded from occupational and regional studies to national population-based assessments.
  • Findings indicate significant exposure to modern chemicals, particularly in vulnerable groups like pregnant women.
  • Future HBM efforts should focus on representative population sampling, international collaboration, enhanced analytical capabilities, and policy integration.