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Related Concept Videos

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders01:27

Psychosis: Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
Researchers have identified genetic factors that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia, underscoring the intricate interplay between genetics and environment in disease development. At the core of schizophrenia's pathophysiology is excessive dopaminergic neurotransmission within the...
Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin studies.
Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
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Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusions

Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
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Disorganized and unusual thought processes mark thought disorders in schizophrenia. One key feature is disorganized speech, where an individual's conversation includes loosely...
Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...

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Updated: May 26, 2026

Standardized Data Acquisition for Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Substantia Nigra
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Published on: September 8, 2021

Cortical basket cell dysfunction in schizophrenia.

Allison A Curley1, David A Lewis

  • 1Translational Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

The Journal of Physiology
|January 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Schizophrenia cognitive deficits may stem from altered inhibition in the prefrontal cortex. Changes in cholecystokinin (CCK) and parvalbumin (PV) cells disrupt brain oscillations crucial for working memory.

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

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Published on: November 20, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Schizophrenia affects 0.5-1% globally, marked by positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms.
  • Cognitive deficits are key predictors of functional outcomes but are poorly addressed by current treatments.
  • Working memory relies on prefrontal cortex (PFC) theta and gamma oscillations, which are impaired in schizophrenia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
  • To explore the role of altered cortical oscillations and basket cell function in schizophrenia-related working memory impairments.
  • To identify molecular changes in specific inhibitory neuron subtypes within the PFC.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of postmortem brain tissue from individuals with schizophrenia.
  • Examination of molecular alterations in cholecystokinin-expressing (CCK(b)) and parvalbumin-expressing (PV(b)) basket cells.
  • Assessment of inhibitory neurotransmitter systems and receptor expression in the PFC.

Main Results:

  • Schizophrenia is associated with reduced CCK and cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) in CCK(b) cells.
  • Lower glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) and increased mu opioid receptor (μOR) were found in PV(b) cells.
  • Reduced GABA(A) receptor alpha1 subunit was observed in pyramidal neurons postsynaptic to PV(b) cells.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence suggests a shift in the balance of inhibition from CCK(b) and PV(b) cells in the PFC of individuals with schizophrenia.
  • This imbalance likely underlies the observed deficits in cortical oscillations and working memory.
  • Targeting these specific inhibitory pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia.