Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by water loss...
Nomenclature of Primary Amines01:17

Nomenclature of Primary Amines

Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines are compounds consisting of one, two, and three alkyl groups connected to the amino group (–NH2), respectively. As depicted in Figure 1, the common name of the primary amines is obtained by adding the suffix -amine to the alkyl substituent attached to the amino group as the corresponding alkylamine.
Structure of Conjugated Dienes01:16

Structure of Conjugated Dienes

Introduction
Conjugated dienes are compounds characterized by the presence of alternating double and single bonds. In a conjugated system like 1,3-butadiene, the unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon overlaps continuously, allowing the π electrons to be delocalized across the entire molecule. In contrast, this type of overlap does not occur in cumulated and isolated dienes, such as 2,3-pentadiene and 1,4-pentadiene, respectively. Instead, the π electrons remain localized between the double...
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group with both...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Isolation, crystal structure and DFT study of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxo-piperidinium nitrate isolated from the stembark of <i>Vitex doniana</i> (Lamiaceae).

Natural product research·2022
Same author

Anticancer Activity of Urease Mimetic Cobalt (III) Complexes on A549-Lung Cancer Cells: Targeting the Acidic Microenvironment.

Pharmaceutics·2022
Same author

Synthesis and structure of 4-{[(<i>E</i>)-(7-meth-oxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)methyl-idene]amino}-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-2,3-di-hydro-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-3-one.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications·2021
Same author

Copper-azide nanoparticle: a 'catalyst-cum-reagent' for the designing of 5-alkynyl 1,4-disubstituted triazoles.

Scientific reports·2020
Same author

Reactivity trends of cobalt(III) complexes towards various amino acids based on the properties of the amino acid alkyl chains.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Structural chemistry·2020
Same author

The crystal structure of the zwitterionic co-crystal of 2,4-di-chloro-6-{[(3-hy-droxy-prop-yl)azaniumyl]-meth-yl}phenolate and 2,4-di-chloro-phenol.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
11:45

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

Published on: August 22, 2018

Heptane-1,7-diaminium dinitrate.

Charmaine Arderne1

  • 1University of Johannesburg, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|January 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The crystal structure of a molecular salt, C(7)H(20)N(2) (2+)·2NO(3) (-), reveals unique double-stacked dications forming a zigzag pattern. Nitrate anions encircle these dications, creating a complex hydrogen-bonding network.

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding molecular packing is crucial for designing new materials.
  • Crystal engineering relies on predicting and controlling intermolecular interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure of the molecular salt C(7)H(20)N(2) (2+)·2NO(3) (-).
  • To analyze the packing arrangement of dications and the role of nitrate anions.
  • To investigate the hydrogen-bonding network within the crystal lattice.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonds and stacking arrangements.

More Related Videos

Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine
11:04

Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine

Published on: June 13, 2022

Constructing Cyclic Peptides Using an On-Tether Sulfonium Center
07:11

Constructing Cyclic Peptides Using an On-Tether Sulfonium Center

Published on: September 28, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
11:45

Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles

Published on: August 22, 2018

Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine
11:04

Preparation of Enantiopure Non-Activated Aziridines and Synthesis of Biemamide B, D, and epiallo-Isomuscarine

Published on: June 13, 2022

Constructing Cyclic Peptides Using an On-Tether Sulfonium Center
07:11

Constructing Cyclic Peptides Using an On-Tether Sulfonium Center

Published on: September 28, 2022

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure features an unusual back-to-back paired double-stacked packing of dications, forming a double zigzag pattern.
  • Nitrate anions are observed to form a ring around a pair of double-stacked dications.
  • An intricate three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network involving N-H⋯O and N-H⋯(O,O) interactions was identified.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals a novel packing motif for the dications in this molecular salt.
  • The arrangement highlights the interplay between dication stacking and anion coordination.
  • The extensive hydrogen-bonding network contributes to the overall stability and structure of the crystal.