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2,3-Diamino-pyridinium 3-carb-oxy-4-hy-droxy-benzene-sulfonate monohydrate

Madhukar Hemamalini1, Jia Hao Goh, Hoong-Kun Fun

  • 1X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|January 6, 2012
PubMed

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Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is eliminated to generate the benzyne...
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