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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...

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Predictive Value of Preoperative Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) in Staging of Patients with High-Risk Melanoma.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Roller Microneedle Combined with Tranexamic Acid Solution in Treating Melasma
04:12

Roller Microneedle Combined with Tranexamic Acid Solution in Treating Melasma

Published on: January 19, 2024

Melasma--updated treatments.

Mirna Situm1, Maja Kolić, Zeljana Bolanca

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Venereology, "Sestre milosrdnice" University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.

Collegium Antropologicum
|January 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Melasma is a common facial skin condition, particularly in women with darker skin types. Effective treatment involves topical agents, sun avoidance, and patient education for best results.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Cosmetic Science

Background:

  • Melasma is a prevalent acquired facial hyperpigmentation disorder.
  • It predominantly affects women, especially those with Fitzpatrick skin types IV-VI.
  • Triggers include sun exposure, genetics, hormonal factors, stress, and certain products/drugs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the etiology and treatment of melasma.
  • To highlight effective therapeutic strategies and their combinations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on melasma.
  • Analysis of treatment modalities including topical agents, chemical peels, and laser therapies.

Main Results:

  • Combination therapies (hydroquinone, tretinoin, corticosteroids, azelaic acid) are highly effective, especially for epidermal melasma.

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Using a 1064-nm Picosecond Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser for Periorbital Hyperpigmentation

Published on: May 23, 2025

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Roller Microneedle Combined with Tranexamic Acid Solution in Treating Melasma
04:12

Roller Microneedle Combined with Tranexamic Acid Solution in Treating Melasma

Published on: January 19, 2024

Using a 1064-nm Picosecond Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser for Periorbital Hyperpigmentation
04:43

Using a 1064-nm Picosecond Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Laser for Periorbital Hyperpigmentation

Published on: May 23, 2025

  • Sun avoidance, consistent sunscreen use, and patient education are crucial.
  • Alternative treatments like chemical peels and glycolic acid show promise as second-line options.

    • Conclusions:

    • A combination of topical agents, strict sun protection, and patient education offers the best approach for managing melasma.
    • Laser treatments have limited efficacy and should be used sparingly.