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Acute renal failure due to ciprofloxacin
1Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma School of Medicine, Oklahoma City.
Archives of Internal Medicine
|October 1, 1990
Summary
Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride can cause acute renal failure, potentially due to allergic interstitial nephritis. Monitoring kidney function is crucial during ciprofloxacin therapy, especially with other nephrotoxic drugs.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Pharmacology
- Immunology
Background:
- Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride is a widely used fluoroquinolone antibiotic.
- Drug-induced kidney injury is a significant clinical concern.
- Allergic interstitial nephritis is a known, albeit uncommon, adverse reaction to medications.
Observation:
- Three patients developed acute renal failure within days of initiating ciprofloxacin hydrochloride.
- Clinical signs suggestive of allergic interstitial nephritis included fever, eosinophiluria, and erythema multiforme.
- Kidney biopsy confirmed allergic interstitial nephritis in one patient.
Findings:
- All three patients experienced renal function improvement after discontinuing ciprofloxacin.
- A literature review identified three additional cases of similar ciprofloxacin-associated renal complications.
- Allergic manifestations were common features in reported cases.
Implications:
- Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride may precipitate allergic interstitial nephritis, leading to acute renal failure.
- Close monitoring of renal function is recommended during ciprofloxacin treatment.
- Concomitant use of other nephrotoxic agents may increase the risk of this adverse event.