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Bone Cells and Tissue

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...

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Updated: May 26, 2026

Use of Human Perivascular Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration

Use of Human Perivascular Stem Cells for Bone Regeneration

Published on: May 25, 2012

Periosteal-derived cells for bone bioengineering: a promising candidate.

Igor Iuco Castro-Silva¹, Willian Fernando Zambuzzi, Letícia de Oliveira Castro

¹Cell Therapy Center, University Hospital Antonio Pedro, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

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|January 7, 2012

Summary

Periosteal-derived cells show significant osteogenic potential, differentiating into mineralizing osteoblasts in vitro. This finding supports their use in bone bioengineering for treating bone defects.

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Cell Biology
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Identifying natural sources of osteogenic cells is crucial for bone bioengineering.
Periosteum tissue is a promising candidate for sourcing osteogenic cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the osteogenic potential of periosteal-derived cells.
To characterize the biological events of differentiation and extracellular matrix mineralization.

Main Methods:

Periosteal cells from adult rat calvaria were cultured in osteogenic medium.
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralization nodules (von Kossa staining, calcium content) were assessed over 28 days.

Main Results:

Cells transformed from fibroblast-shaped to polyhedral.
Alkaline phosphatase activity increased linearly from day 14 to 28.
Mineralization nodules were most abundant at 28 days.

Conclusions:

Periosteal-derived cells differentiate into mature osteoblasts capable of in vitro mineralization.
These cells can incorporate extracellular calcium into the extracellular matrix.
Periosteum is a viable source of osteogenic cells for advancing bone regenerative therapies.