Cardiovascular complications in long-term survivors after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Area of Science:

• Hematology and Oncology
• Cardiology
• Transplantation Medicine

Background:

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are increasingly recognized as major late complications following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).
• These conditions contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in long-term survivors.
• Atherosclerosis, driven by early cardiovascular risk factors post-transplantation, is a primary mechanism for late CVD.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review existing literature on CVD after allo-HSCT.
• To identify associated risk factors and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
• To propose strategies for early risk identification, surveillance, and intervention.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of published data on cardiovascular diseases post-transplantation.
• Analysis of cardiovascular risk factors and their association with CVD.
• Discussion of pathophysiological pathways linking allo-HSCT to CVD.

Main Results:

• Cardiovascular risk factors emerge early after allo-HSCT, promoting atherosclerosis and late CVD.
• Evidence suggests that early intervention on these risk factors can delay CVD onset.
• Lifelong assessment of long-term survivors is crucial for managing CVD risks.

Conclusions:

• Healthcare providers must be vigilant regarding the risk of premature CVD in allo-HSCT survivors.
• Proactive screening and management of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are essential.
• A structured approach to surveillance and early intervention can mitigate CVD burden.