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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...

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Updated: May 26, 2026

Well-aligned Vertically Oriented ZnO Nanorod Arrays and their Application in Inverted Small Molecule Solar Cells
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Well-aligned Vertically Oriented ZnO Nanorod Arrays and their Application in Inverted Small Molecule Solar Cells

Published on: April 25, 2018

Interrelation between crystal packing and small-molecule organic solar cell performance.

Roland Fitzner1, Chris Elschner, Matthias Weil

  • 1Institut für Organische Chemie II und Neue Materialien, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|January 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Structural analysis of organic electronic materials reveals how molecular packing and morphology influence solar cell performance. This research correlates crystal structure with photovoltaic efficiency in novel organic solar cells.

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Fabrication of Fully Solution Processed Inorganic Nanocrystal Photovoltaic Devices
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Published on: April 25, 2018

In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation
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In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation

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Fabrication of Fully Solution Processed Inorganic Nanocrystal Photovoltaic Devices
11:06

Fabrication of Fully Solution Processed Inorganic Nanocrystal Photovoltaic Devices

Published on: July 8, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Molecular packing and morphology are critical for organic electronic device performance.
  • Small-molecule organic solar cells (SMOSCs) offer tunable properties for efficient energy conversion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between molecular structure and photovoltaic performance.
  • To understand the impact of crystal packing and morphology on SMOSC efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray diffraction on single crystals of dicyanovinyl-substituted quaterthiophenes.
  • Analysis of co-evaporated blend layers with C(60).
  • Correlation of structural characteristics with photovoltaic performance data.

Main Results:

  • Detailed insights into the molecular packing behavior of the investigated materials.
  • Morphological analysis across various length scales.
  • Direct correlation established between structural features and bulk heterojunction solar cell performance.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular packing and morphology significantly dictate the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells.
  • Understanding these structure-property relationships is key to designing high-efficiency organic electronic devices.