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Related Concept Videos

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme nitrate reductase...
Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this nitrogen...
Key Elements for Plant Nutrition02:35

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the atmosphere, the...
The Nitrogen Cycle01:49

The Nitrogen Cycle

Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition02:11

The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition

Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.
Production Efficiency01:01

Production Efficiency

Net production efficiency (NPE) is the efficiency at which organisms assimilate energy into biomass for the next trophic level. Due to low metabolic rates and less energy spent on thermoregulatory processes, the NPE of ectotherms (cold-blooded animals) is 10 times higher than endotherms (warm-blooded animals).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Microplot Design and Plant and Soil Sample Preparation for 15Nitrogen Analysis
08:44

Microplot Design and Plant and Soil Sample Preparation for 15Nitrogen Analysis

Published on: May 10, 2020

Plant nitrogen assimilation and use efficiency.

Guohua Xu1, Xiaorong Fan, Anthony J Miller

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China. ghxu@njau.edu.cn

Annual Review of Plant Biology
|January 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Increasing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is crucial for sustainable agriculture. Improving NUE involves optimizing nitrogen uptake, translocation, assimilation, and remobilization for higher crop yields and reduced environmental impact.

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Calibrated Passive Sampling - Multi-plot Field Measurements of NH3 Emissions with a Combination of Dynamic Tube Method and Passive Samplers
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Calibrated Passive Sampling - Multi-plot Field Measurements of NH3 Emissions with a Combination of Dynamic Tube Method and Passive Samplers

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High-Throughput, In-Field Screening of Photosynthetic Efficiency in Crop Plants Using an Autonomous Robot
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High-Throughput, In-Field Screening of Photosynthetic Efficiency in Crop Plants Using an Autonomous Robot

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Microplot Design and Plant and Soil Sample Preparation for 15Nitrogen Analysis
08:44

Microplot Design and Plant and Soil Sample Preparation for 15Nitrogen Analysis

Published on: May 10, 2020

Calibrated Passive Sampling - Multi-plot Field Measurements of NH3 Emissions with a Combination of Dynamic Tube Method and Passive Samplers
10:29

Calibrated Passive Sampling - Multi-plot Field Measurements of NH3 Emissions with a Combination of Dynamic Tube Method and Passive Samplers

Published on: March 21, 2016

High-Throughput, In-Field Screening of Photosynthetic Efficiency in Crop Plants Using an Autonomous Robot
07:12

High-Throughput, In-Field Screening of Photosynthetic Efficiency in Crop Plants Using an Autonomous Robot

Published on: January 9, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Physiology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Crop productivity is heavily dependent on nitrogen (N) fertilization.
  • N fertilizer production and application are energy-intensive and can harm the environment.
  • Enhancing plant nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is vital for sustainable agriculture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore strategies for increasing plant nitrogen use efficiency (NUE).
  • To identify key factors and metabolic pathways influencing NUE in crops.
  • To highlight the potential for improving NUE in existing cultivars.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of genetic and environmental factors governing N uptake, translocation, assimilation, and remobilization.
  • Investigation of metabolic limitations at varying N supply levels.
  • Evaluation of carbohydrate and N metabolism coordination for yield optimization.

Main Results:

  • Plant NUE is a complex trait influenced by multiple interacting factors.
  • Metabolic limitations for NUE differ under high and low nitrogen supplies.
  • Current cultivars, bred under high fertilization, show potential for NUE improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Coordinating carbohydrate and nitrogen metabolism is key to reducing environmental losses and increasing crop N productivity.
  • Breeding for higher grain and N harvest indices can enhance N acquisition and utilization.
  • Significant opportunities exist to improve NUE in crops for a more sustainable agricultural future.