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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

Overview

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Simultaneous Quantification of T-Cell Receptor Excision Circles (TRECs) and K-Deleting Recombination Excision Circles (KRECs) by Real-time PCR
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Simultaneous Quantification of T-Cell Receptor Excision Circles (TRECs) and K-Deleting Recombination Excision Circles (KRECs) by Real-time PCR

Published on: December 6, 2014

Primary immunodeficiencies in India: a perspective.

Sudhir Gupta1, Manisha Madkaikar, Surjit Singh

  • 1Division of Basic and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA. sgupta@uci.edu

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|January 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) in India have shifted from clinical diagnosis to advanced immunological and mutational analyses. Adult PID cases remain underreported, highlighting challenges in diagnosis and therapy.

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Comprehensive &amp; Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model
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Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) were historically diagnosed in India based on clinical symptoms with limited immunological testing.
  • The diagnostic accuracy of early PID reports in India is uncertain due to the lack of comprehensive immunological analysis.
  • Recent advancements include flow cytometry and mutational analysis for PID diagnosis over the last 10-15 years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of PID diagnosis and management in India, focusing on data from two major pediatric centers.
  • To highlight the underreporting of adult PID cases in India.
  • To discuss challenges in PID diagnosis and therapy and outline initiatives for improvement.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of PID cases diagnosed at two major Indian centers, with a focus on pediatric patients.
  • Review of diagnostic methodologies, including clinical presentation, flow cytometry, and mutational analysis.
  • Examination of data on adult PID underreporting and challenges in current healthcare infrastructure.

Main Results:

  • PID diagnosis in India has evolved significantly, with increased reliance on advanced immunological techniques.
  • A marked underreporting of PIDs in adults is observed across major diagnostic centers.
  • Limitations in diagnostic capabilities and therapeutic access persist, particularly for adult patients.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need to improve the diagnosis and reporting of PIDs, especially in adults, in India.
  • Establishing dedicated PID Centers of Excellence and a national registry are crucial steps towards better management.
  • Addressing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges is essential for improving outcomes for individuals with PIDs in India.