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Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity
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Default mode network activity and connectivity in psychopathology.

Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli1, Judith M Ford

  • 1Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. swg@mit.edu

Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
|January 10, 2012
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Summary

Abnormal default mode network (DMN) function is linked to neuropsychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and depression. Research shows DMN hyperactivity and hyperconnectivity in these conditions, potentially causing self-reference issues and rumination.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • The default mode network (DMN) is a brain network active during rest, associated with self-reflection and stimulus-independent thought.
  • Healthy DMN suppression correlates with better performance on attention-demanding tasks.
  • Abnormal DMN function is implicated in various neuropsychiatric disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of the default mode network (DMN) in neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • To investigate how DMN alterations relate to symptoms in schizophrenia and depression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on DMN activity.
  • Analysis of DMN functional connectivity patterns in healthy individuals and patient groups.

Main Results:

  • In schizophrenia and depression, the DMN is frequently hyperactivated and hyperconnected.
  • Schizophrenia-associated DMN changes may contribute to self-reference and attention deficits.
  • Depression-related DMN hyperactivity might underlie negative rumination.

Conclusions:

  • Altered DMN function is a significant factor in neuropsychiatric disorders.
  • DMN hyperconnectivity and hyperactivity are observed in schizophrenia and depression.
  • Understanding DMN alterations provides insights into the cognitive and psychological mechanisms of these disorders.