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Related Concept Videos

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 29, 2026

Trans-inner Cell Mass Injection of Embryonic Stem Cells Leads to Higher Chimerism Rates
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Chimeric primates: embryonic stem cells need not apply.

Alan Trounson1, Uta Grieshammer

  • 1California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 210 King Street, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA. atrounson@cirm.ca.gov

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|January 10, 2012
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created the first rhesus monkey chimeras. This breakthrough in nonhuman primate chimera generation was achieved by aggregating four-cell embryos, not by injecting embryonic stem cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Primate research
  • Stem cell biology

Background:

  • Generating viable chimeras is crucial for studying early development and disease modeling.
  • Previous attempts to create nonhuman primate chimeras using embryonic stem cells have been unsuccessful.
  • Mice chimeras are routinely generated by injecting embryonic stem cells into blastocysts.

Discussion:

  • Tachibana et al. successfully generated the first rhesus monkey chimeras.
  • Chimera formation in rhesus monkeys requires a different approach than in mice.
  • The aggregation of four-cell embryos proved effective for creating rhesus chimeras.

Key Insights:

  • Nonhuman primate chimera generation is now possible.
  • Embryonic stem cell injection into blastocysts is not a viable method for rhesus chimera formation.
  • The aggregation of early-stage embryos is a successful strategy for generating rhesus chimeras.

Outlook:

  • This advancement opens new avenues for studying primate development and genetics.
  • Rhesus chimeras can serve as valuable models for human diseases.
  • Further research may explore optimizing chimera generation techniques in nonhuman primates.