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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...

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An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues
10:41

An Integrated Platform for Genome-wide Mapping of Chromatin States Using High-throughput ChIP-sequencing in Tumor Tissues

Published on: April 5, 2018

Cellular epigenetic stability and cancer.

Peter Sarkies1, Julian E Sale

  • 1Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|January 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maintaining gene expression during cell division relies on epigenetic memory. This study explores how histone modifications, DNA methylation, and other factors contribute to this process, potentially explaining alterations in cancer cells.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • Cells must maintain gene expression levels across cell divisions, a process termed epigenetic memory.
  • Epigenetic information is not directly encoded in DNA and involves multiple molecular mechanisms.
  • The precise molecular basis of epigenetic memory is under intense investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction of epigenetic mechanisms in establishing robust gene expression states.
  • To examine how DNA replication interruption affects mitotic inheritance of gene expression.
  • To provide evidence for the role of histone modifications in transcriptional memory and its implications for cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Analysis of recent experimental observations regarding DNA replication and gene expression.
  • Discussion of the interplay between histone modifications, transcription factors, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNAs.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic memory involves a collaboration of histone modifications, transcription factors, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNAs.
  • Interruption of DNA replication can compromise the stable inheritance of gene expression.
  • Histone modifications appear to play a central role in transcriptional memory.

Conclusions:

  • Histone modifications are crucial for maintaining transcriptional memory during cell division.
  • Disruptions in epigenetic memory mechanisms may contribute to altered gene expression patterns observed in cancer.
  • Understanding epigenetic memory mechanisms is vital for comprehending cellular processes and disease states.