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[Bronchologic examination techniques for verifying abnormalities of the respiratory tract in early childhood]
1Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie, Karl-Marx-Universität Leipzig.
Insights
Specific bronchological examinations are feasible across all age groups using endoscopy and contrast radiography. These techniques aid in diagnosing upper respiratory tract abnormalities and malformations.
Area of Science:
- Medical Imaging
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Diagnostic Endoscopy
Context:
- Bronchological examinations are crucial for diagnosing various conditions affecting the respiratory tract.
- Pediatric patients present unique challenges for diagnostic procedures due to anatomical and physiological differences.
- Accurate diagnosis of congenital malformations is essential for timely intervention and improved outcomes.
Purpose:
- To outline feasible endoscopic and contrast radiography techniques for bronchological examinations in all age groups.
- To detail optimal methods for diagnosing specific upper respiratory tract abnormalities, including combined septum malformations and tracheoesophageal fistulas.
- To establish recommended imaging protocols for skeletal malformations and vascular stenoses of the bronchial tree.
Summary:
- Endoscopic and contrast radiography techniques, adapted for age and condition, enable specific bronchological examinations in all age groups.
- Laryngotracheoscopy under halothane insufflation anesthesia is the preferred endoscopic method for upper respiratory tract diagnosis.
- Sounding and color scanning with simultaneous contrast radiography are recommended for diagnosing combined septum malformations and tracheoesophageal fistulas. Bronchography via an orotracheal tube and biplanar radiography are vital for documenting and demonstrating abnormalities.
Impact:
- Provides a comprehensive guide for performing bronchological examinations across diverse age groups.
- Enhances diagnostic accuracy for complex respiratory malformations, facilitating appropriate treatment strategies.
- Establishes standardized imaging protocols, improving the characterization and management of respiratory tract abnormalities.
Abstract:
With appropriate technique of endoscopy and contrast radiography adapted to the age and the respective problem, specific bronchological examinations in all age groups are feasible. Of all endoscopic techniques for the diagnosis of abnormalities in the upper respiratory tract, the most suitable method is laryngotracheoscopy only with the optic under halothane insufflation anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration maintained. For combined malformations of the septum that are considered problematic in diagnosis, sounding is suggested to determine the location of the tracheoesophageal fistula and color scanning is recommended to prove patency, as well as simultaneous contrast radiography of the two systems. In bronchography the insertion of contrast medium via the elevated orotracheal tube has proved suitable for documentation and for a differentiated demonstration of the abnormality type. In the case of skeleton malformations of the respiratory tract and vessel abnormalities stenosing the bronchial tree, biplanar radiographs in both respiratory phases are imperative.