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Related Concept Videos

Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory01:29

Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory

Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory revolutionized psychology by introducing the idea that unconscious forces significantly shape human behavior. According to Freud, every psychological event is driven by deep-seated internal forces, often formed during early childhood. His theory, built on the premises of psychic determinism, symbolic meaning, and unconscious motivation, offers a unique perspective on the complexities of human behavior.
Freud's concept of psychic determinism asserts that...
Freudian Psychology01:26

Freudian Psychology

Sigmund Freud, an Austrian neurologist born in 1856, significantly influenced psychology through his exploration of the unconscious mind. His interest in patients suffering from hysteria and neurosis — conditions without apparent physical causes — led him to theorize the existence of an unconscious mind, a repository for feelings and urges beyond our awareness. Freud's innovative approach included techniques such as dream analysis, free association, and attention to slips of the tongue to...
Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Anal01:26

Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Anal

Sigmund Freud's theory of psychosexual development describes the anal stage as occurring between 18 months and three years of age. During this period, children derive pleasure from controlling and releasing their bowel movements. However, they quickly learn that societal expectations impose restrictions on when and where this can happen. This stage marks a critical point where children begin to develop a sense of control and mastery over their bodily functions, as well as their broader...
Psychodynamic Therapy01:29

Psychodynamic Therapy

Psychodynamic therapies emphasize the exploration of unconscious processes and early childhood experiences as fundamental contributors to psychological difficulties. These therapies, deeply rooted in Freud's psychoanalytic theory, aim to uncover and resolve unconscious conflicts, granting individuals insights that promote emotional and behavioral healing. Contemporary psychodynamic approaches have evolved, integrating a broader range of influences and methodologies while still valuing the...
Horney's Sociocultural Approach01:27

Horney's Sociocultural Approach

Karen Horney's psychoanalytic theories emphasize the potential for self-realization and the importance of addressing social and cultural, rather than biological, factors in personality development. She challenged traditional Freudian views, particularly Freud's concept of "penis envy," which she argued stemmed from cultural influences rather than inherent biological differences. Horney believed that any sense of inferiority in women was a result of societal conditioning, such as dependence on...
Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Phallic01:12

Psychosexual Stages of Personality: Phallic

The third stage of psychosexual development proposed by Freud is the phallic stage, occurring between the ages of 3 and 6. During this period, children become aware of their bodies and the differences between males and females. The erogenous zone in this stage is the genitals, and conflicts arise as children develop desires toward the opposite-sex parent. Boys experience the Oedipus complex, where they desire their mother and view their father as a rival. This leads to castration anxiety, the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
09:55

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Published on: March 8, 2018

On hostage taking (a psychoanalytic object).

Richard M Billow1

  • 1Derner Institute, Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, USA. RMBillow@gmail.com

International Journal of Group Psychotherapy
|January 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Hostage taking occurs literally, figuratively, and psychologically. Understanding group interactions as object relationships reveals hostage dynamics as a psychoanalytic object.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Group Dynamics

Background:

  • Hostage taking is a widespread phenomenon in interpersonal, group, and societal contexts.
  • It manifests in literal, figurative, and psychological dimensions, existing both internally and externally.

Observation:

  • A case study demonstrates how group members, including leaders, can metaphorically hold others hostage through communication and behavior.
  • The study examines a series of interactions within a group setting.

Findings:

  • Conceptualizing these interactions as object relationships offers a novel perspective.
  • The group developed an understanding and experience of hostage taking as a "psychoanalytic object".

Implications:

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  • This framework provides insights into complex group dynamics and psychological manipulation.
  • It highlights the potential for understanding and addressing hostage-like behaviors in various settings.