Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:07

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
Consider the example of control of motor torque. Initially, a positive...
Underflow Gates01:30

Underflow Gates

Underflow gates are vital for controlling water flow in irrigation canals. The three main types of underflow gates — vertical, radial, and drum gates — serve different purposes while ensuring effective flow management. Vertical gates move up and down, generating a free-flowing water jet; radial gates pivot to regulate the flow; and drum gates rotate for precise adjustments. The flow through these gates is influenced by downstream conditions, resulting in free or drowned outflow.Free and Drowned...
Muscle Stimulation Frequency01:22

Muscle Stimulation Frequency

The contraction strength of muscles is regulated by motor neurons, which modulate the frequency of action potentials dispatched to the motor units based on the body's requirements. This process of varying the muscle stimulation frequency allows muscles to contract with a force that is precisely tailored to the needs of the moment, whether lifting a feather or a heavy box.
Wave summation
At low firing rates, motor neurons induce individual twitch contractions in muscle fibers. These twitches...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Atypical Dual-Task Cost and Reduced Attentional Neural Modulation in Parkinson's Disease With Freezing of Gait.

Neurorehabilitation and neural repair·2026
Same author

Acute effects of upper-limb blood flow restriction training on dual-task postural control and physiological correlates in older adults.

Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation·2026
Same author

Adaptation of Neural Common Drive to Motor Units of the Wrist Extensor Agonists in Chronic Lateral Epicondylitis.

Medicine and science in sports and exercise·2026
Same author

Sensorimotor postural training induces multi-level cortical network reorganization in older adults enhancing efficiency and resilience.

GeroScience·2026
Same author

Training Benefits and Motor Unit Remodeling after Ischemic Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation with Low-Level Laser Preexposure.

Medicine and science in sports and exercise·2025
Same author

Blood flow restriction modulates common drive to motor units and force precision: implications for neuromuscular coordination.

European journal of applied physiology·2025
Same journal

The effect of long-term moderate exercise on myocardial metabolome in rats.

The Chinese journal of physiology·2023
Same journal

Long non-coding RNA NBR2 suppresses the progression of colorectal cancer by downregulating miR-19a to regulate M2 macrophage polarization.

The Chinese journal of physiology·2023
Same journal

Anti-oncogenic mechanism of KLF17 in colon cancer by repressing cell migration and invasion via FHL1 upregulation.

The Chinese journal of physiology·2023
Same journal

Effects of electroacupuncture combined with acupoint catgut embedding on gastrointestinal motility and gastrointestinal hormones in rats with functional dyspepsia.

The Chinese journal of physiology·2023
Same journal

Irbesartan eases lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i>.

The Chinese journal of physiology·2023
Same journal

Parkin enhances sensitivity of paclitaxel to nasopharyngeal carcinoma by activating BNIP3/NIX-mediated mitochondrial autophagy.

The Chinese journal of physiology·2023
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

The Impact of Motor Task Conditions on Goal-Directed Arm Reaching Kinematics and Trunk Compensation in Chronic Stroke Survivors
15:00

The Impact of Motor Task Conditions on Goal-Directed Arm Reaching Kinematics and Trunk Compensation in Chronic Stroke Survivors

Published on: May 2, 2021

Directional effect on post-stroke motor overflow characteristics.

Li-Cheng Tung1, Jeng-Feng Yang, Chun-Hou Wang

  • 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China.

The Chinese Journal of Physiology
|January 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stroke patients with better motor function showed motor overflow (MO) sensitive to contralateral movement direction. Poorer motor function patients had MO patterns dominated by abnormal synergies, unlike controls.

More Related Videos

Motor Dual-Tasks for Gait Analysis and Evaluation in Post-Stroke Patients
05:23

Motor Dual-Tasks for Gait Analysis and Evaluation in Post-Stroke Patients

Published on: March 11, 2021

Gathering Self-Initiated Rat Behavioral Data to Characterize Post-Stroke Deficits
05:08

Gathering Self-Initiated Rat Behavioral Data to Characterize Post-Stroke Deficits

Published on: March 15, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

The Impact of Motor Task Conditions on Goal-Directed Arm Reaching Kinematics and Trunk Compensation in Chronic Stroke Survivors
15:00

The Impact of Motor Task Conditions on Goal-Directed Arm Reaching Kinematics and Trunk Compensation in Chronic Stroke Survivors

Published on: May 2, 2021

Motor Dual-Tasks for Gait Analysis and Evaluation in Post-Stroke Patients
05:23

Motor Dual-Tasks for Gait Analysis and Evaluation in Post-Stroke Patients

Published on: March 11, 2021

Gathering Self-Initiated Rat Behavioral Data to Characterize Post-Stroke Deficits
05:08

Gathering Self-Initiated Rat Behavioral Data to Characterize Post-Stroke Deficits

Published on: March 15, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Motor overflow (MO) is involuntary muscle activation linked to strenuous contralateral movement, often seen post-stroke.
  • Understanding the directional influence on MO is crucial for stroke rehabilitation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the physiological correlation between joint movement direction and post-stroke motor overflow in the affected upper limb.
  • To analyze how motor function deficits influence the directional sensitivity of motor overflow.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty stroke patients (hemiparesis) and 15 healthy controls participated.
  • Patients were grouped by motor function (better: CVA_G, poorer: CVA_P) using the Fugl-Meyer arm scale.
  • Surface electromyography (EMG) recorded muscle activation during maximal isometric contractions of the unaffected limb's joints.

Main Results:

  • Motor overflow amplitude was sensitive to contralateral movement direction in the better motor function group (CVA_G) and controls, but not in the poorer motor function group (CVA_P).
  • CVA_G showed larger MO amplitudes than controls; CVA_P showed the opposite tendency.
  • Spatial MO patterns in stroke patients were dominated by flexion-abduction synergy, unlike the typical extension-adduction synergy in controls.

Conclusions:

  • Post-stroke MO amplitude's sensitivity to contralateral movement direction is linked to better motor recovery.
  • Altered MO spatial patterns in stroke patients are characterized by abnormal synergies, irrespective of motor deficit severity.
  • Directional effects on MO spatial patterns are not strictly correlated with the degree of motor deficits.