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Related Concept Videos

The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
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Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Intracranial Orthotopic Allografting of Medulloblastoma Cells in Immunocompromised Mice
05:10

Intracranial Orthotopic Allografting of Medulloblastoma Cells in Immunocompromised Mice

Published on: October 3, 2010

Medulloblastoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumors.

Roger J Packer1, Tobey Macdonald, Gilbert Vezina

  • 1The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA. rpacker@cnmc.org

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|January 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Medulloblastomas and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (sPNETs) are challenging childhood cancers. Future treatment advances for these embryonal tumors depend on translating molecular discoveries into targeted therapies.

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Isolation, Enrichment, and Maintenance of Medulloblastoma Stem Cells
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Published on: September 1, 2010

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Intracranial Orthotopic Allografting of Medulloblastoma Cells in Immunocompromised Mice
05:10

Intracranial Orthotopic Allografting of Medulloblastoma Cells in Immunocompromised Mice

Published on: October 3, 2010

Isolation, Enrichment, and Maintenance of Medulloblastoma Stem Cells
06:32

Isolation, Enrichment, and Maintenance of Medulloblastoma Stem Cells

Published on: September 1, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Neuro-oncology
  • Cancer Genomics

Background:

  • Medulloblastomas and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (sPNETs) represent significant challenges in pediatric oncology.
  • While survival rates have improved, survivors often face severe long-term health issues (sequelae).
  • Current treatment relies on surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, with outcomes gradually improving over two decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the persistent challenges in treating medulloblastomas and sPNETs.
  • To emphasize the need for novel therapeutic strategies beyond current standards of care.
  • To underscore the importance of integrating molecular insights into clinical practice.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current treatment modalities and outcomes for medulloblastomas and sPNETs.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to recent improvements in patient prognosis.
  • Discussion of the potential impact of molecular biology discoveries on future therapies.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in treating these embryonal tumors over the past 20 years.
  • Improvements are attributed to surgical advancements, increased chemotherapy use, and refined radiotherapy.
  • Despite progress, substantial challenges and long-term sequelae persist for childhood cancer survivors.

Conclusions:

  • Further improvements in treating medulloblastomas and sPNETs necessitate a shift towards molecularly informed, risk-adapted therapeutic approaches.
  • Translating recent discoveries on the molecular mechanisms of embryonal tumor development is crucial.
  • Personalized medicine based on tumor molecular profiles holds promise for better outcomes and reduced long-term toxicity.