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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...

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Detection of MicroRNAs in Microglia by Real-time PCR in Normal CNS and During Neuroinflammation
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Published on: July 23, 2012

Circulating microRNAs involved in multiple sclerosis.

Sue Rutherford Siegel1, Jason Mackenzie, George Chaplin

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, MC-H171, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA. srs40@psu.edu

Molecular Biology Reports
|January 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified a circulating microRNA (miRNA) signature in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This discovery could lead to new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for this complex neurological disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults, characterized by immune-mediated demyelination and neurodegeneration.
  • Genetic and phenotypic complexity hinders progress in understanding MS.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules regulating gene expression and are implicated in complex diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify a circulating microRNA (miRNA) signature in the plasma of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • To investigate the potential of plasma miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for MS.

Main Methods:

  • Microarray analysis of over 900 known miRNA transcripts.
  • Plasma samples from four MS patients and four healthy controls matched for age, sex, and ethnicity were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Six plasma miRNAs (miR-614, miR-572, miR-648, miR-1826, miR-422a, and miR-22) were significantly up-regulated in MS patients.
  • One plasma miRNA (miR-1979) was significantly down-regulated in MS patients.
  • miR-422a and miR-22 were previously implicated in MS.

Conclusions:

  • This study presents the first circulating miRNA signature identified in MS.
  • The identified plasma miRNA signature shows potential as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for MS.