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Preparation, Purification, and Characterization of Lanthanide Complexes for Use as Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Published on: July 21, 2011

Isoquinoline-based lanthanide complexes: bright NIR optical probes and efficient MRI agents.

Fabien Caillé1, Célia S Bonnet, Frédéric Buron

  • 1Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR 4301 CNRS, rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans, France.

Inorganic Chemistry
|January 12, 2012
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Summary

Researchers developed novel isoquinoline-based ligands for simultaneous MRI contrast and near-infrared (NIR) optical imaging. These lanthanide complexes show high stability and enable sensitive NIR detection, paving the way for advanced bimodal imaging probes.

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Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Imaging

Background:

  • Development of bifunctional probes for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and near-infrared (NIR) optical imaging is crucial for advanced diagnostics.
  • Existing probes often face challenges in achieving optimal excitation wavelengths and sufficient photon emission for sensitive detection.
  • Lanthanide complexes offer potential for both MRI contrast enhancement and optical luminescence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and investigate novel isoquinoline-based polyaminocarboxylate ligands (L1, L2, L3) for simultaneous MRI and NIR optical imaging applications.
  • To evaluate the thermodynamic stability, selectivity, and water exchange properties of the corresponding Gadolinium (Gd(3+)), Neodymium (Nd(3+)), and Ytterbium (Yb(3+)) complexes.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of sensitive NIR detection using these complexes in a microscopy setup.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of three isoquinoline-based polyaminocarboxylate ligands (L1, L2, L3).
  • Complexation with Gd(3+), Nd(3+), and Yb(3+) ions.
  • Characterization using variable temperature and pressure (17)O NMR, nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) measurements, and luminescence lifetime measurements.
  • Evaluation of relaxivity in fetal bovine serum and HEPES buffer.
  • Proof-of-concept microscopy imaging experiments.

Main Results:

  • High thermodynamic stability (log K(LnL) = 17.7-18.7) and selectivity against endogenous cations were achieved for the lanthanide complexes.
  • Bishydration of the lanthanide cation was confirmed, beneficial for Gd(3+) relaxivity and Yb(3+) luminescence.
  • Fast water exchange (k(ex)(298) = (13.9-15.4) × 10(6) s(-1)) via a dissociative mechanism was observed for Gd(3+) complexes.
  • GdL1 exhibited doubled relaxivity in fetal bovine serum compared to buffer, attributed to hydrophobic interactions.
  • Nd(3+) and Yb(3+) complexes, particularly YbL3, showed efficient NIR emission (980 nm) with excitation up to 420 nm, enabling sensitive detection at 10 μM concentration in serum.
  • The isoquinoline core facilitated lower excitation energies compared to pyridine analogues.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized isoquinoline-based ligands form stable lanthanide complexes suitable for bimodal MRI and NIR optical imaging.
  • These complexes demonstrate efficient NIR emission and good MRI properties, with potential for sensitive microscopic imaging.
  • The versatile platform allows for tuning optical properties while maintaining stability and MRI characteristics, opening avenues for novel diagnostic tools.