Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 25, 2026

Temporomandibular Joint Pain Measurement by Bite Force and Von Frey Filament Assays in Mice
Published on: September 13, 2024
Are temporomandibular disorder symptoms and diagnoses associated with pubertal development in adolescents? An
Christian Hirsch1, Julia Hoffmann, Jens C Türp
1Dental School, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. christian.hirsch@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
Background:
In addition to low back pain, temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are the most prevalent pain- and disability-related musculoskeletal conditions. However, the influence of pubertal development on TMD diagnoses remains unknown.
Objective:
To assess whether the prevalence of TMD diagnoses, in addition to self-reported symptoms (pain, restricted mandibular mobility, clicking), change according to pubertal stage.
Methods:
A random sample of 1,011 children and adolescents was chosen from the general population of 24,129 children and adolescents aged 10-17 years living in the urban area of Halle, Germany. Study participants were examined for TMD symptoms and diagnoses according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs (RDC/TMD). Status of pubertal development was assessed using the Pubertal Development Scale (PDS). The χ(2) tests and multivariate logistic regression models were used, and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals calculated.
Results:
The observed increase in TMD symptoms during adolescence was mainly due to the higher frequency of self-reports of these symptoms by girls than boys (ORs for girls vs. boys: 1.42-1.53; p ≤ 0.05), whereas clinical TMD diagnoses (any RDC/TMD diagnosis, or RDC/TMD group IIa diagnosis) in adolescence increased mainly due to pubertal development itself (ORs for subjects beyond vs. before puberty: 1.58-2.00; p < 0.05; no significant sex-related effect was found).
Conclusion:
Pubertal development increases the probability of self-reported TMD symptoms among girls, while the probability thereof decreases among boys. Independent of sex, pubertal growth increases the prevalence of RDC/TMD-related diagnoses-mainly disk displacement-in both sexes.
Related Concept Videos
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Diagnostic Criteria and...
Signs of Puberty
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Teeth
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Cognitive Development During Adolescence
Conduct Disorder

