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Related Concept Videos

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Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes
10:28

Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes

Published on: February 14, 2020

Highly efficient sorghum transformation.

Guoquan Liu1, Ian D Godwin

  • 1School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.

Plant Cell Reports
|January 12, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new sorghum transformation system using immature embryos achieves a 20.7% efficiency, significantly improving genetic engineering for this important crop. This method enables faster development of fertile transgenic sorghum plants.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) is a vital cereal crop, but efficient genetic transformation methods are crucial for its improvement.
  • Existing transformation systems for sorghum often face challenges with efficiency and speed.
  • Developing robust transgenic approaches is essential for accelerating crop breeding and trait development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a highly efficient microprojectile transformation system for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.).
  • To optimize tissue culture media and microprojectile bombardment parameters for enhanced transformation frequency.
  • To establish a reliable method for generating fertile transgenic sorghum plants with desirable traits.

Main Methods:

  • Immature embryos (IEs) of sorghum inbred line Tx430 were used as explants.
  • Co-bombardment with neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) and green fluorescent protein (gfp) genes driven by the maize ubiquitin1 (ubi1) promoter.
  • Optimization of tissue culture conditions and microprojectile transformation parameters.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an average transformation frequency of 20.7% from 121 bombarded IEs across three experiments.
  • Confirmed transgenic events using PCR and Southern hybridization.
  • Obtained fertile transgenic sorghum plants with normal morphology in over 90% of cases.
  • Reported a co-transformation rate of 72% for the nptII and gfp genes.
  • Demonstrated Mendelian segregation of both genes in T₁ progenies.
  • Completed the entire transformation process within 11-16 weeks.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microprojectile transformation system is highly efficient and reliable for sorghum.
  • This system offers a threefold improvement in efficiency compared to previous methods.
  • The generated transgenic sorghum plants are fertile and morphologically normal, suitable for further research and breeding.
  • The optimized protocol accelerates the generation of genetically modified sorghum, facilitating crop improvement efforts.