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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Isolation, Characterization, and Purification of Macrophages from Tissues Affected by Obesity-related Inflammation

Isolation, Characterization, and Purification of Macrophages from Tissues Affected by Obesity-related Inflammation

Published on: April 3, 2017

Macrophagic myofasciitis: characterization and pathophysiology.

R K Gherardi¹, F J Authier

¹AP-HP, Hôpital H. Mondor, France.

|January 12, 2012

Summary

Aluminium oxyhydroxide (alum) in vaccines may cause rare, disabling autoimmune/inflammatory syndromes. Studies suggest alum nanoparticles can migrate from injection sites, potentially accumulating in distant organs like the brain.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Nanotoxicology
Neurology

Background:

Aluminium oxyhydroxide (alum) is a widely used vaccine adjuvant since 1927.
Its immune response mechanisms and long-term safety are not fully understood.
Rare cases of macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF) and autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) are linked to alum.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the in vivo fate and biodistribution of alum nanoparticles after intramuscular injection.
To explore the potential mechanisms underlying alum-induced chronic inflammation and neurological symptoms.

Main Methods:

Utilized fluorescent alum surrogates in animal models.
Tracked nanoparticle translocation from injection site to lymph nodes, blood, spleen, and brain.

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Isolation, Characterization, and Purification of Macrophages from Tissues Affected by Obesity-related Inflammation

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Published on: April 3, 2017

In Vitro Phagocytosis of Myelin Debris by Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages

In Vitro Phagocytosis of Myelin Debris by Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages

Published on: December 30, 2017

Observed alum-loaded macrophages and granuloma formation.

Main Results:

Biopersistent alum nanoparticles were taken up by monocytes and translocated to draining lymph nodes.
Alum-containing phagocytes circulated in the blood and accumulated in the spleen.
Evidence suggests slow accumulation of alum in the brain, potentially explaining cognitive dysfunction.

Conclusions:

Alum nanoparticles can migrate from the injection site and distribute to distant organs, including the brain.
This migration may contribute to the pathogenesis of MMF and ASIA.
Further research is needed to fully elucidate alum's long-term safety profile and neurological implications.