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Forensic fluid dynamics and the Indian Spring (1991) cave collapse problem.

¹Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.

Journal of Forensic Sciences

|January 13, 2012

Summary

Resonance theory was extended to explain the 1991 Indian Spring cavern collapse. Fluid dynamics analysis of diver accounts revealed temporary flow blocking, not a complete reversal, during the event.

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Area of Science:

Fluid dynamics
Cave science
Geological phenomena

Background:

The 1991 Indian Spring cavern collapse was previously theorized to be caused by air pocket resonance.
Previous research suggested resonance in air pockets as a potential cause for the 1991 collapse.

Purpose of the Study:

To extend resonance theory to a U-tube model involving one cavern pocket and a broad basin.
To apply fluid dynamics principles to reconstruct the events leading to the collapse.

Main Methods:

Interviews with four surviving cave divers.
Application of fluid dynamics principles to natural and induced cave flows.
Analysis of testimonies to establish a physically plausible scenario.

Main Results:

A U-tube resonance model was developed, incorporating one cavern air pocket and a broad basin.
Fluid dynamics analysis indicated temporary flow blocking during the collapse.
No evidence of total flow reversal within the cave was found.

Conclusions:

The extended resonance theory provides a plausible explanation for the 1991 Indian Spring cavern collapse.
Temporary flow blocking, driven by fluid dynamics, is a key finding.
The study refines understanding of cavern collapse mechanisms through applied physics.