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Applications of Normal Distribution01:22

Applications of Normal Distribution

The normal distribution is a useful statistical tool. One of its practical applications is determining the door height after considering the normal distribution of heights of persons, such that many can pass through it easily without striking their heads. The normal distribution can also determine the probability of a person having a height less than a specific height.
The heights of 15 to 18-year-old males from Chile from 1984 to 1985 followed a normal distribution. The mean height is 172.36...
Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation02:32

Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation

In the field of psychology, there are several ways to organize measurements of a trait, feature, or characteristic (i.e., variables). Qualitative data, such as ethnicity, can be tabulated into a frequency count to provide information about the proportion, as well as the variety of groups in a sample or population. On the other hand, researchers can perform a wider set of calculations on quantitative data. The mean, mode, and median, for instance, are central tendency measures to identify a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
08:03

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

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Cephalometric norms for a Moroccan population.

Lahcen Ousehal1, Laila Lazrak, Amine Chafii

  • 1Service d'ODF, faculté de médecine dentaire de Casablanca, rue Abou Al Alaa Zahar 21100, BP 9157 Mers Sultan, Casablanca, Morocco. lahcen2228@yahoo.fr

International Orthodontics
|January 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This study established Steiner analysis norms for Moroccan adults, revealing a tendency towards Class II skeletal discrepancies and specific incisor and jawbone positioning. These findings aid in diagnosing and treating patients at the Center for Dental Treatment and Consultation (CCTD).

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Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Cephalometric analysis
  • Dental norms

Background:

  • Establishing cephalometric norms is crucial for accurate orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
  • Existing Steiner analysis norms may not fully represent diverse populations, necessitating localized studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine Steiner analysis cephalometric norms for a young adult population at the Center for Dental Treatment and Consultation (CCTD) in Casablanca, Morocco.
  • To compare these established norms with existing Steiner norms and identify population-specific characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • A descriptive cephalometric study utilizing lateral cephalograms from 71 young adults (mean age 22.73 ± 1.69 years) with Class I occlusion and good facial harmony.
  • Standard cephalometric tracing and analysis were performed, followed by statistical comparison of derived means and standard deviations against established Steiner norms.

Main Results:

  • The Moroccan sample exhibited a greater skeletal sagittal discrepancy, indicating a Class II tendency.
  • Labial crown tipping of the lower incisors and a retruded position of the maxillary and mandibular bony bases were observed.
  • Significant deviations from established Steiner norms were noted in the sample.

Conclusions:

  • The identified cephalometric particularities in the Casablanca population, including skeletal Class II tendency and specific dental/skeletal positioning, require consideration in clinical diagnosis and treatment at the CCTD.
  • Further comprehensive research is recommended to generalize these findings to the broader Moroccan population.