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The continuous decrease in the number of SSPE annual cases ten years after compulsory anti-measles immunization.

C Cernescu1, G Popescu-Tismana, M Alaicescu

  • 1"St. S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania.

Revue Roumaine De Virologie (Bucharest, Romania : 1990)
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
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Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) incidence significantly decreased in 1988-89. Most SSPE cases began after age 10, indicating potential early measles infection before vaccination.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Virology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare, fatal neurological complication of measles virus infection.
  • Understanding SSPE incidence trends and risk factors is crucial for public health strategies.
  • Previous studies have indicated a decline in SSPE cases following widespread measles vaccination programs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in SSPE incidence in a specific country between 1987 and 1989.
  • To investigate the age of onset and potential risk factors, including prior measles infection, in newly diagnosed SSPE patients.
  • To explore associations between SSPE and other persistent viral infections.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of SSPE cases diagnosed immunochemically and serologically in a national laboratory.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Calculation of SSPE incidence rates per million population.
  • Serological testing for measles antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
  • Comparative serological analysis for herpes viruses, hepatitis B surface antigen (AgHBs), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in patients and controls.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant decrease in SSPE incidence was observed from 5.21 cases per million in 1987 to 1.82 cases per million in 1988.
    • In 85% of patients, SSPE onset occurred at age 10 years or older.
    • High serum and CSF anti-measles antibody titers were found in recent SSPE cases, suggesting subclinical long-term disease courses.
    • An increased incidence of anti-cytomegalic virus (CMV) titers was noted in SSPE patients compared to controls, but no differences were found for other tested viruses.

    Conclusions:

    • The observed decline in SSPE incidence may be linked to measles vaccination policies.
    • The late age of onset suggests a possible primary measles infection occurring before routine immunization.
    • Elevated anti-measles antibody titers indicate persistent viral activity, while increased anti-CMV titers warrant further investigation into potential co-factors in SSPE pathogenesis.