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Related Concept Videos

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction01:30

Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction

Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.
Production of Formed Elements01:34

Production of Formed Elements

Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis01:20

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis

Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
The Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is typically initiated by tissue damage that exposes blood to tissue factor (TF), a protein released by the damaged tissue cells outside the blood vessels—this interaction with TF triggers biochemical reactions involving specific clotting factors. The key player here is Factor VII, which forms a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Isolation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Healthy Volunteers and Their Migratory Potential Influenced by Serum Samples After Cardiac Surgery
08:43

Isolation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Healthy Volunteers and Their Migratory Potential Influenced by Serum Samples After Cardiac Surgery

Published on: February 14, 2017

Endothelial progenitor cells and thrombosis.

Eugenia Rosa Nuzzolo1, Maria Grazia Iachininoto, Luciana Teofili

  • 1Department of Hematology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.

Thrombosis Research
|January 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Endothelial progenitor cells circulate in blood and aid in new vessel formation. This review covers methods to count these cells and their role in cardiovascular diseases and specific conditions like pulmonary arterial hypertension.

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Isolation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Healthy Volunteers and Their Migratory Potential Influenced by Serum Samples After Cardiac Surgery
08:43

Isolation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Healthy Volunteers and Their Migratory Potential Influenced by Serum Samples After Cardiac Surgery

Published on: February 14, 2017

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07:26

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Published on: September 14, 2017

Generation and Culture of Blood Outgrowth Endothelial Cells from Human Peripheral Blood
11:00

Generation and Culture of Blood Outgrowth Endothelial Cells from Human Peripheral Blood

Published on: December 23, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine
  • Hematology and Oncology

Background:

  • Vessel formation (angiogenesis and vasculogenesis) is crucial throughout life, not just during embryonic development.
  • Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were discovered in peripheral blood in 1997, demonstrating their role in promoting vasculogenesis at ischemic sites.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for enumerating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs).
  • To explore the involvement of EPCs in hemostatic pathways.
  • To describe altered EPC trafficking in cardiovascular diseases and other conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review summarizing various techniques for EPC enumeration.
  • Analysis of studies detailing EPC function in hemostasis.
  • Examination of research on EPC behavior in disease states.

Main Results:

  • Diverse methods exist for quantifying circulating EPCs, each with specific applications.
  • EPCs play a role in hemostatic processes.
  • EPCs exhibit altered trafficking patterns in cardiovascular diseases and are implicated in pulmonary arterial hypertension and Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms.

Conclusions:

  • Endothelial progenitor cells are vital for vascular repair and maintenance.
  • Understanding EPC enumeration and function is critical for diagnosing and treating vascular and hematological disorders.
  • Further research into EPCs may reveal new therapeutic strategies for conditions like cardiovascular disease and specific cancers.