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Meal Duration as a Measure of Orofacial Nociceptive Responses in Rodents

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Chewing pattern and muscular activation in open bite patients.

Maria Grazia Piancino¹, Gaetano Isola, Andrea Merlo

¹Orthodontic and Gnathology - Masticatory Function Department, Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology : Official Journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology

|January 13, 2012

Summary

Patients with anterior open bite malocclusion exhibit narrower chewing patterns and reduced muscle activity during chewing. This study highlights differences in chewing kinematics and electromyography (EMG) activity compared to individuals with normal occlusion.

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Area of Science:

Dentistry
Biomechanics
Neuromuscular studies

Background:

Previous research suggests reduced bite force and electromyography (EMG) activity in masticatory muscles of open bite patients.
Anterior dental open bite malocclusion can affect chewing function.
No prior studies have simultaneously assessed chewing cycle kinematics and muscle EMG in open bite patients.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate chewing cycle kinematics and the activation of masseter and anterior temporalis muscles in patients with anterior open bite malocclusion.
To compare these parameters with those of individuals with normal occlusion.

Main Methods:

Simultaneous recording of kinematics parameters and surface electromyography (EMG) during chewing.
Utilized a kinesiograph (K7-I Myotronics-USA) for data acquisition.
Study included 52 young patients with anterior open bite and 21 controls with normal occlusion.

Main Results:

Open bite patients demonstrated a statistically significant narrower chewing pattern compared to controls.
Chewing cycles in open bite patients were characterized by shorter total and closing durations.
Lower peak activation was observed in the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles on the bolus side in open bite patients.

Conclusions:

Open bite patients exhibit altered chewing patterns, including narrower paths and shorter cycle durations.
Reduced muscular activation of the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles is evident in open bite patients.
Lack of anterior guidance input in open bite malocclusion may influence the motor control of chewing, leading to observed kinematic and EMG differences.