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Serum CA 125 levels during the menstrual cycle.

P Lehtovirta¹, D Apter, U H Stenman

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.

British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

|October 1, 1990

Summary

Serum CA 125 levels rise during menstruation in all women. Premenstrual CA 125 elevation in anovulatory cycles suggests progesterone

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Area of Science:

Gynecology and Reproductive Endocrinology
Clinical Biochemistry

Background:

Cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) is a tumor marker often monitored in gynecological oncology.
Fluctuations in CA 125 levels during the menstrual cycle can impact diagnostic accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between serum CA 125 levels and different phases of the menstrual cycle.
To explore the influence of ovulatory and anovulatory cycles on CA 125 concentrations.
To determine the correlation between CA 125 and progesterone levels in the premenstrual phase.

Main Methods:

Serum CA 125 concentrations were measured in women during various menstrual cycle phases.
Participants were categorized into groups with ovulatory and anovulatory cycles.
Statistical analysis was performed to assess correlations between CA 125, progesterone, and cycle type.

Main Results:

CA 125 levels were significantly elevated during menstruation in both ovulatory and anovulatory groups.
Premenstrual CA 125 elevation was observed in women with anovulatory cycles, but not ovulatory ones.
A negative correlation between serum CA 125 and progesterone was found in the premenstrual phase of anovulatory cycles.

Conclusions:

Premenstrual CA 125 elevation in anovulatory cycles may be linked to progesterone deficiency and premature endometrial vascular changes.
Progesterone's effect on CA 125 appears indirect, influencing endometrial control rather than direct synthesis.
Avoid CA 125 testing immediately before or during menstruation to prevent false-positive results in cancer diagnosis.

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