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Related Concept Videos

Tight Junctions01:29

Tight Junctions

Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
The Blood-brain Barrier00:49

The Blood-brain Barrier

Overview
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
Gap Junctions01:37

Gap Junctions

Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...
Gap Junctions01:27

Gap Junctions

The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.

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Reconstruction of the Blood-Brain Barrier In Vitro to Model and Therapeutically Target Neurological Disease
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Tight junctions in neurological diseases.

Joanna Bednarczyk1, Katarzyna Lukasiuk

  • 1Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. j.bednarczyk@nencki.gov.pl.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|January 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tight junctions regulate cell barriers and polarity. Their dysfunction is linked to neurological disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and epilepsy, highlighting their critical role.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Tight junctions are crucial cell-cell junctions controlling paracellular permeability and cell polarity.
  • They comprise transmembrane proteins (claudins, JAMs, TAMPs) and cytoplasmic proteins.
  • Dysregulation of tight junction proteins is implicated in various neurological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent data on tight junction components.
  • To focus on the role of tight junction dysfunction in neurological diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on tight junction proteins.
  • Analysis of the implications of tight junction alterations in neurological disorders.

Main Results:

  • Tight junctions maintain cellular integrity and polarity.
  • Alterations in tight junction protein expression or localization are observed in multiple sclerosis, stroke, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and epilepsy.
  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on these associations.

Conclusions:

  • Tight junction integrity is vital for neurological health.
  • Understanding tight junction dysfunction offers potential therapeutic targets for neurological diseases.