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Cartilage labelling for mechanical testing in T-peel configuration.

Christian Pfeifer1, Michael Müller, Lukas Prantl

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Summary

Indian ink is a suitable method for labelling cartilage in biomechanical testing. This method is reliable, accurate, and does not affect tissue viability or mechanical properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of distraction distances in biomechanical testing requires reliable cartilage sample labelling.
  • Existing labelling methods may affect cartilage viability and mechanical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate suitable methods for labelling cartilage samples for biomechanical testing.
  • To assess the impact of labelling on cartilage cytotoxicity and mechanical behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Bovine cartilage samples were labelled using India ink, heat, hydroquinone/silver nitrate, potassium permanganate, or laser energy.
  • Cytotoxicity was assessed using ethidium bromide homodimer and calcein AM staining.
  • Mechanical properties were evaluated using a T-peel test.

Main Results:

  • India ink and heat labelling showed acceptable cytotoxicity results, with good persistence, accuracy, and minimal impact on chondrocytes.
  • Heat-labelled samples exhibited significantly earlier collapse in the T-peel test compared to unlabelled samples.
  • India ink labelling did not alter biomechanical behavior or tissue viability.

Conclusions:

  • India ink is a reliable, accurate, inexpensive, and easy-to-perform method for labelling cartilage in biomechanical testing.
  • This method preserves tissue viability and does not compromise mechanical integrity.
  • India ink labelling is recommended for biomechanical studies of cartilage.