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Related Concept Videos

Teeth01:15

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...
Tooth Anatomy01:21

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.
Oral Cavity01:11

Oral Cavity

The oral cavity, or the mouth, is a complex structure in humans that plays a vital role in our day-to-day lives. Its role is not only in chewing and swallowing food; it also plays a role in speech and facial expressions.
Teeth: The teeth are the hardest structures in our bodies. Humans have two sets of teeth throughout their lifetime: deciduous (baby) teeth and permanent teeth. Each tooth consists of several parts: the crown (visible part), the root (embedded in the jaw), enamel (hard outer...
Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
Mouth Inspection
The inspection begins with visually examining the mouth for symmetry, color, and size.
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
The Hyoid Bone01:12

The Hyoid Bone

The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...

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Updated: May 25, 2026

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology
07:26

Systematic Assessment of Mammalian Skull Specimens for Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Pathology

Published on: August 22, 2022

Teeth and posture.

Stefan Schunke1, Armin Enssle, Alexandra Kreisl

  • 1st.schunke@arcor.de

The European Journal of Esthetic Dentistry : Official Journal of the European Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
|January 13, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dental esthetics requires a holistic approach, integrating musculoskeletal and masticatory system functions. Understanding these interactions is key to accurate diagnosis and treatment, moving beyond superficial interpretations for true esthetic and functional restoration.

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Orthodontics
  • Musculoskeletal Medicine

Background:

  • Esthetic procedures in dentistry are widely discussed but often lack reproducible protocols.
  • Conventional approaches may misinterpret reference lines, leading to inaccurate diagnoses.
  • The connection between skeletal and dental issues and their systemic impact is often overlooked.

Observation:

  • The musculoskeletal and masticatory systems have intricate interactions relevant to dental esthetics.
  • Dentists can be misled by a superficial understanding of facial reference lines.
  • A holistic view encompassing skeletal, dental, and functional aspects is crucial.

Findings:

  • Skeletal and dental problems significantly impact the masticatory and musculoskeletal systems.
  • Esthetics and function of the entire stomatognathic system are interconnected.
  • Many relevant interactions are dismissed as 'alternative medicine' in mainstream practice.

Implications:

  • A comprehensive, holistic approach is necessary for effective esthetic and functional dental treatment.
  • Integrating musculoskeletal and masticatory system assessments can improve diagnostic accuracy.
  • Recognizing the whole-body connection in dentistry can lead to better patient outcomes and redefine esthetic protocols.