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Related Concept Videos

Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
In males, testosterone is the primary gonadal androgen. It plays a central role in the maturation of male reproductive organs — the penis and testes. Additionally, testosterone is instrumental in the development of secondary sexual characteristics — a deep voice as well as facial and pubic hair growth — and...
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into...
Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification01:24

Bone Formation by Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...

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Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
06:17

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 6, 2014

A crosstalk between bone and gonads.

Franck Oury1

  • 1Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. fo2133@columbia.edu

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|January 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone is an endocrine organ that influences testosterone production through osteocalcin. This discovery changes our understanding of skeletal integrity and reproductive health.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Biology
  • Reproductive Science

Background:

  • Sex steroid hormones like testosterone and estrogen are crucial for reproduction and skeletal health.
  • Gonadal failure leads to bone loss and osteoporosis, particularly in postmenopausal women.
  • Historically, the skeleton was viewed as a passive target of hormonal signals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the emerging understanding of the skeleton as an endocrine organ.
  • To present the mechanism of action of osteocalcin, a bone-derived hormone.
  • To discuss the implications of osteocalcin in regulating testosterone biosynthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing genetic and biochemical evidence.
  • Analysis of the interplay between bone and gonadal functions.
  • Examination of osteocalcin's role in hormonal regulation.

Main Results:

  • The skeleton actively participates in hormonal regulation.
  • Osteocalcin, secreted by osteoblasts, promotes testosterone biosynthesis.
  • This establishes a novel feedback loop between bone and gonads.

Conclusions:

  • The skeleton is an endocrine organ with a significant role in reproductive health.
  • Osteocalcin is a key mediator in the bone-gonad axis.
  • Understanding this interplay offers new insights into maintaining skeletal integrity and hormonal balance.