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Nodal tuberculosis revisited: a review
Uma Handa1, Irneet Mundi, Sugandha Mohan
1Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Sector 32-A, Chandigarh, India. umahanda@hotmail.com
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
|January 14, 2012
Summary
Tuberculous lymphadenitis, a common extrapulmonary tuberculosis form, requires high suspicion for diagnosis. Fine needle aspiration cytology and molecular methods now improve its accurate detection, replacing traditional biopsies.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Pathology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Lymphadenitis is the most frequent extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis (TB).
- Tuberculous lymphadenitis presents as a local manifestation of systemic TB, unlike localized nontuberculous mycobacterial infections.
- Accurate diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis is challenging due to its mimicry of other pathological conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and pathogenesis of tuberculous lymphadenitis.
- To emphasize current trends and advancements in the pathological diagnosis of nodal tuberculosis.
Main Methods:
- Review of epidemiological data and clinical presentations.
- Discussion of pathogenesis in nodal tuberculosis.
- Evaluation of diagnostic modalities including fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and molecular methods.
Main Results:
- Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has become a primary outpatient diagnostic tool, largely replacing lymph node biopsy.
- Molecular diagnostic techniques have significantly enhanced the accuracy of tuberculous lymphadenitis diagnosis.
- A high index of suspicion remains critical for identifying tuberculous lymphadenitis.
Conclusions:
- Tuberculous lymphadenitis diagnosis necessitates a high index of suspicion.
- FNAC and advanced molecular methods are pivotal in the modern diagnosis of nodal tuberculosis.
- Understanding the epidemiology, clinical features, and pathogenesis is crucial for effective management.
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