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Treatment of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: update
Alfredo Nicodemos Cruz Santana1, Viktoria Woronik, Ari Stiel Radu Halpern
1Department of Thoracic Diseases, Hospital Regional da Asa Norte, Graduate School of Health Sciences/State Department of Health, Brasília, Brazil. alfredonicodemos@hotmail.com
Abstract:
In its various forms, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is characterized by a systemic inflammation of the small and medium-sized arteries (especially in the upper and lower respiratory tracts, as well as in the kidneys). The forms of AAV comprise Wegener's granulomatosis (now called granulomatosis with polyangiitis), microscopic polyangiitis, renal AAV, and Churg-Strauss syndrome. In this paper, we discuss the phases of AAV treatment, including the induction phase (with cyclophosphamide or rituximab) and the maintenance phase (with azathioprine, methotrexate, or rituximab). We also discuss how to handle patients who are refractory to cyclophosphamide.
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