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Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra. Symptoms...

Cancer Prevention

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Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...

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Updated: May 25, 2026

A New Technique for Treating Low-risk Prostate Cancer—Super Active Surveillance

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Published on: November 7, 2025

[Screening for prostate cancer: an up date].

¹Dept. of Urology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine.

Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy

|January 14, 2012

Summary

Prostate cancer screening using Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) shows significant mortality reduction. Optimizing screening with better detection and active surveillance improves quality of life.

Area of Science:

Urology
Oncology
Preventive Medicine

Context:

Large prospective trials like ERSPC and PLCO provide evidence for prostate cancer screening.
The Goteborg study demonstrated a 44% mortality reduction via PSA screening.

Purpose:

To evaluate the impact of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) based screening on prostate cancer mortality.
To explore strategies for optimizing prostate cancer screening systems.

Summary:

PSA-based screening can significantly reduce prostate cancer mortality and prevent metastatic progression.
An optimal screening system involves accurate detection, minimally invasive treatments, and active surveillance to minimize overtreatment and preserve quality of life.

Impact:

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PSA screening, when optimally implemented, can improve clinical validity and patient outcomes.
Adherence to guidelines, such as those from the Japanese Urological Association, is crucial for effective PSA screening.