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Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index
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Multiple roles and all-cause mortality: the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study.

Akiko Tamakoshi1, Ai Ikeda, Yoshihisa Fujino

  • 1Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan. aa@aichi-med-u.ac.jp

European Journal of Public Health
|January 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Having multiple roles, such as spouse, parent, and worker, is linked to lower all-cause mortality risk in Japan. Fewer roles were associated with higher mortality, especially in men and middle-aged individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Public Health
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Contrasting theories on multiple roles and health: role overload vs. role enhancement.
  • Investigating the impact of multiple roles on mortality in Japan's evolving gender landscape.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between multiple roles and all-cause mortality in a Japanese population.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 76,758 participants in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study.
  • Followed participants for an average of 15.7 years.
  • Employed proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality based on role combinations (spouse, parent, worker).

Main Results:

  • Individuals lacking any roles exhibited elevated all-cause mortality risks.
  • A higher number of roles correlated with lower mortality risk; those with no roles had the highest risk (HR: 1.66 men, 1.78 women) compared to those with triple roles.
  • The negative impact of lacking roles was more pronounced in men and middle-aged individuals compared to women and the elderly.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest a protective effect of multiple roles against all-cause mortality in Japan.
  • Reduced number of roles was associated with increased mortality risk.
  • Gender and age disparities in mortality risk were observed, potentially linked to role overload, particularly among middle-aged women.