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Related Concept Videos

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates these...
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...
Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications01:24

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
05:56

Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting

Published on: June 21, 2024

Chemotherapy induced Hyponatraemia.

Kheng-Wei Yeoh1, Philip Camilleri, Kinnari Patel

  • 1Oxford Radcliffe Hospital, Oncology, Churchill Site, Old Road, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.

BMJ Case Reports
|January 14, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Chemotherapy can cause renal salt wasting syndrome (RSWS), mimicking SIADH. Differentiating these conditions is crucial for proper management, as RSWS requires salt replacement while SIADH needs fluid restriction.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Oncology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte imbalance in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
  • Distinguishing between Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion (SIADH) and Renal Salt Wasting Syndrome (RSWS) is critical for appropriate management.
  • Chemotherapy agents can precipitate diverse electrolyte abnormalities, necessitating careful diagnostic evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of chemotherapy-induced RSWS initially misdiagnosed as SIADH.
  • To highlight the importance of urinary sodium concentration in differentiating RSWS from SIADH.
  • To emphasize the distinct management strategies required for RSWS versus SIADH in oncology patients.

Main Methods:

  • Case report detailing a patient with metastatic testicular cancer receiving chemotherapy.

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Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity
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Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity

Published on: April 26, 2012

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Acupoint Application Combined with Acupressure as an Adjunctive Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
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Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity
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Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity

Published on: April 26, 2012

  • Initial diagnosis based on serum osmolality and hydration status, leading to SIADH suspicion.
  • Subsequent diagnosis of RSWS confirmed by elevated urinary sodium concentration.

    • Main Results:

    • The patient presented with electrolyte imbalance suggestive of hyponatremia.
    • Urinary sodium concentration was found to be high, characteristic of RSWS, not SIADH.
    • Correct diagnosis of RSWS led to appropriate management with salt replacement.

    Conclusions:

    • Chemotherapy-induced RSWS can mimic SIADH, leading to diagnostic challenges.
    • Measuring urinary sodium concentration is a key investigation to differentiate RSWS from SIADH.
    • Accurate diagnosis is vital, as RSWS management (salt replacement) differs significantly from SIADH (fluid restriction).