An in vitro study of differentiation of hematopoietic cells to endothelial cells

Bone-marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (BM-EPCs) contribute to postnatal neovascularization and therefore are of great interest for cell therapies to treat ischemic diseases. However, their origin and characteristics are still in controversy. In this paper, we identified the origin/lineage of the BM-EPCs that were isolated from bone marrow mononuclear cells and differentiated with the induction of bone-marrow endothelial-cellconditioned medium (ECCM). BM-EPCs were characterized in terms of phenotype, lineage potential, and their functional properties. Endothelial cell colonies derived from BM-EPC were cultured with ECCM for 3 months. Cultured EPC colony cells expressed endothelial cell markers and formed the capillary-like network in vitro. EPC colony cells expressed differential proliferative capacity; some of the colonies exhibited a high proliferative potential (HPP) capacity up to 20 population doublings. More importantly, these HPP-EPCs expressed hematopoietic marker CD45, exhibited endocytic activities, and preserved some of the myeloid cell activity. In addition, the HPP-EPCs secrete various growth factors including VEGF and GM-CSF into the culture medium. The results demonstrate that these EPCs were primarily derived from hematopoietic origin of early precursor cells and maintained high proliferative potential capacity, a feature with a significant potential in the application of cell therapy in ischemic diseases.