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Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

Stem Cell Culture

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Expansion of Embryonic and Adult Neural Stem Cells by In Utero Electroporation or Viral Stereotaxic Injection

Expansion of Embryonic and Adult Neural Stem Cells by In Utero Electroporation or Viral Stereotaxic Injection

Published on: October 6, 2012

[Embryonic stem cell research].

Shin Kadota¹, Kazuhiro Aiba, Norio Nakatsuji

¹Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine

|January 17, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research is advancing rapidly due to their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities. This review covers hESC applications in clinical trials, drug discovery, and disease modeling for regenerative medicine.

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Propagation of Human Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells

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Targeted and Selective Treatment of Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Teratomas Using External Beam Radiation in a Small-animal Model

Targeted and Selective Treatment of Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Teratomas Using External Beam Radiation in a Small-animal Model

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Expansion of Embryonic and Adult Neural Stem Cells by In Utero Electroporation or Viral Stereotaxic Injection

Expansion of Embryonic and Adult Neural Stem Cells by In Utero Electroporation or Viral Stereotaxic Injection

Published on: October 6, 2012

Propagation of Human Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells

Propagation of Human Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells

Published on: November 30, 2006

Targeted and Selective Treatment of Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Teratomas Using External Beam Radiation in a Small-animal Model

Targeted and Selective Treatment of Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Teratomas Using External Beam Radiation in a Small-animal Model

Published on: February 17, 2019

Area of Science:

Stem Cell Biology
Regenerative Medicine
Genetics

Context:

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) possess remarkable self-renewal and differentiation potential.
Maintaining pluripotency in defined, xeno-free, and scalable culture systems is crucial for therapeutic applications.
Banking of hESC lines is essential for the widespread adoption of personalized cell therapies and transplantation.

Purpose:

To review the current clinical applications of hESC-derived cells.
To explore the use of hESCs in drug discovery and disease modeling.
To highlight advancements in maintaining hESC pluripotency for therapeutic use.

Summary:

hESCs offer significant potential for regenerative medicine due to their pluripotency.
Ongoing clinical trials are investigating hESC-derived cells for spinal cord injury and Stargardt's macular dystrophy.
hESCs are valuable tools for drug discovery and creating disease models, including transgenic approaches.

Impact:

Advancements in hESC culture and banking facilitate personalized cell therapies.
hESC research accelerates the development of novel treatments for debilitating diseases.
Transgenic hESC models provide new avenues for understanding and treating genetic disorders.