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Effects of gigapascal level pressure on protein structure and function.

Wei-Qiang Chen1, Gunter Heymann, Petri Kursula

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Very high pressure (VHP) alters protein structure and function. While l-asparaginase retained activity, recombinant human growth hormone function was impaired by VHP, indicating potential biotechnological applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Protein chemistry and biophysics
  • Biotechnology and pharmaceutical science

Background:

  • Limited data exists on very high pressure (VHP) effects on proteins.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for protein-based biotechnological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of VHP (8 GPa) on the chemistry, structure, and function of two medically relevant model proteins: l-asparaginase (L-ASNase) and recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH).

Main Methods:

  • Application of VHP (8 GPa) to protein samples.
  • Analysis using native and denaturing gel electrophoresis.
  • Functional assessment via bioassay.
  • Identification of protein modifications and amino acid exchanges.

Main Results:

  • VHP treatment of L-ASNase led to faster gel mobility and generation of lower-molecular-weight forms, yet preserved enzymatic activity.
  • Electrophoretic patterns of rhGH were unaffected by VHP, but its biological function was significantly deteriorated.
  • Both proteins exhibited modifications and amino acid exchanges, suggesting covalent bond cleavage under VHP.

Conclusions:

  • VHP induces distinct chemical, structural, and functional changes in proteins.
  • These modifications can lead to altered protein conformation and activity, with implications for protein product design.
  • Findings are valuable for optimizing biotechnological applications involving proteins subjected to high-pressure conditions.