Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Theory of Strong Electrolytes01:23

Theory of Strong Electrolytes

The interionic forces of the strong electrolytes depend on the solvent's dielectric constant, which is the ability of a solvent to store electrical energy, based on its polarizability. and the solution's concentration. In high-dielectric solvents and in dilute solutions, weak electrostatic forces keep ions apart. However, in low-dielectric solvents or concentrated solutions, stronger interionic forces may cause ions to pair up as ionic doublets despite being fully ionized. The theory of strong...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer02:48

Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer

Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Erratum: "Automated tabletop exfoliation and identification of monolayer graphene flakes" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 96, 053907 (2025)].

The Review of scientific instruments·2026
Same author

Phenyl Side Groups Enhance Phonon Transport in Rubrene Crystals.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Intermolecular Interactions in Molecular Tunnel Junctions: Significant and Still Compatible with the Picture of Single Molecule Junctions in Parallel.

JACS Au·2025
Same author

High-Resolution Roll-to-Roll Additive Patterning of Functional Materials on Large Areas via Topographic Discontinuous Dewetting.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2025
Same author

Limits on Topotactic Transformation Speed in Electrolyte-Gate La<sub>0.5</sub>Sr<sub>0.5</sub>CoO<sub>3-δ</sub> Electrochemical Transistors.

ACS nano·2025
Same author

Correlation between <sup>1</sup>H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Chemical Shifts and Tunneling Transport in Self-Assembled Monolayer-Based Molecular Junctions.

ACS nano·2025
Same journal

Erratum: Spectroscopy and Ground-State Transfer of Ultracold Bosonic ^{39}K^{133}Cs Molecules [Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 203401 (2025)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Erratum: Lifetime of the ^{2}F_{7/2} Level in Yb^{+} for Spontaneous Emission of Electric Octupole Radiation [Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 213001 (2021)].

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Laser-Plasma Based Seeded Free Electron Laser in the High-Gain Regime.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Parent Hamiltonians for Stabilizer Quantum Many-Body Scars.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Properties of Heavy Cosmic Nuclei Phosphorus, Chlorine, Argon, Potassium, and Calcium: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer.

Physical review letters·2026
Same journal

Role of Spin-Isospin Symmetries in Nuclear β-Decays.

Physical review letters·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Electric-field Control of Electronic States in WS2 Nanodevices by Electrolyte Gating
10:36

Electric-field Control of Electronic States in WS2 Nanodevices by Electrolyte Gating

Published on: April 12, 2018

Electrolyte gate-controlled Kondo effect in SrTiO3.

Menyoung Lee1, J R Williams, Sipei Zhang

  • 1Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|January 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We observed the Kondo effect in strontium titanate (SrTiO3) using an ionic gel electrolyte. This suggests the 2D electron system in SrTiO3 is a mix of magnetic and delocalized electrons.

More Related Videos

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing
06:44

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing

Published on: June 9, 2023

Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition
09:45

Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition

Published on: July 26, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Electric-field Control of Electronic States in WS2 Nanodevices by Electrolyte Gating
10:36

Electric-field Control of Electronic States in WS2 Nanodevices by Electrolyte Gating

Published on: April 12, 2018

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing
06:44

Tuning Oxide Properties by Oxygen Vacancy Control During Growth and Annealing

Published on: June 9, 2023

Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition
09:45

Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition

Published on: July 26, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Phenomena

Background:

  • Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) is a promising material for electronic applications.
  • Understanding the nature of its electric field-induced 2D electron system is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the electronic properties of SrTiO3 under electric field gating.
  • To explore the emergence of quantum phenomena like the Kondo effect in the 2D electron system.

Main Methods:

  • Low-temperature, high-field magnetotransport measurements were performed.
  • Ionic gel electrolyte was used to tune the electric field applied to SrTiO3.

Main Results:

  • A saturating resistance upturn and negative magnetoresistance were observed at higher gate voltages.
  • These results signal the emergence of the Kondo effect.

Conclusions:

  • The electric field-induced 2D electron system in SrTiO3 is an admixture of magnetic Ti(3+) ions and delocalized electrons.
  • The Kondo effect's observation provides insight into the interplay between localized magnetic moments and conduction electrons.