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Fabrication of Uniform Nanoscale Cavities via Silicon Direct Wafer Bonding

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Observation of a superfluid component within solid helium.

H Lauter¹, V Apaja, I Kalinin

¹Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.

Physical Review Letters

|January 17, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A localized superfluid component was found in solid helium within aerogel at high pressures. This discovery, observed via neutron scattering, reveals distinct roton excitations not present in bulk superfluid helium.

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Quantum Fluids
Materials Science

Background:

Superfluidity in helium is a quantum phenomenon observed in liquid helium-4 (He II).
Solid helium, particularly under high pressure, exhibits complex phases and excitations.
Aerogels provide a porous matrix that can influence the behavior of confined fluids.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the existence and characteristics of superfluidity within solid helium confined in an aerogel matrix.
To analyze the nature of excitations in this confined superfluid system.
To compare experimental findings with theoretical models.

Main Methods:

Neutron scattering experiments were conducted to probe the excitations.
High-pressure conditions were applied to solid helium infiltrated within an aerogel structure.
Phonon-roton spectra were analyzed to identify superfluid components.

Main Results:

Two distinct sharp phonon-roton spectra were observed, differing from bulk superfluid helium.
The observed roton excitations displayed different roton gap parameters compared to bulk fluid.
One roton mode vanished after annealing the aerogel-helium samples.

Conclusions:

The results strongly suggest the presence of a localized superfluid component within solid helium in aerogel.
The observed excitations are best explained by a model of superfluid double layers at the solid-helium and helium-substrate interfaces.
This finding offers new insights into the behavior of superfluids in confined and solidifying environments.