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Related Concept Videos

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)01:15

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)

The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For example, the mass of helium...
Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then passed on to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles
09:56

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles

Published on: June 28, 2019

Quantifying particle coatings using high-precision mass measurements.

Scott M Knudsen1, Marcio G von Muhlen, Scott R Manalis

  • 1Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Analytical Chemistry
|January 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new method accurately quantifies microparticle coatings by measuring additional mass in a near-density-matched solution. This technique precisely determines even small coating masses, like protein layers on polystyrene spheres.

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Last Updated: May 25, 2026

High Resolution Physical Characterization of Single Metallic Nanoparticles
09:56

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Published on: June 28, 2019

Quantitative and Qualitative Examination of Particle-particle Interactions Using Colloidal Probe Nanoscopy
13:15

Quantitative and Qualitative Examination of Particle-particle Interactions Using Colloidal Probe Nanoscopy

Published on: July 18, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Quantifying surface coatings on microparticles is crucial for various applications.
  • Traditional methods may lack sensitivity or introduce significant uncertainty.
  • Accurate mass determination of thin layers is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a general method for quantifying microparticle coatings.
  • To improve measurement accuracy by minimizing core particle influence.
  • To demonstrate high sensitivity in detecting small mass additions.

Main Methods:

  • Determining particle buoyant mass in a solution with density near that of the core particle.
  • Utilizing the principle that added material mass becomes a larger fraction of total buoyant mass.
  • Employing high-precision mass measurement techniques.

Main Results:

  • The method can resolve buoyant mass differences as small as approximately 1 femtogram (fg).
  • Demonstrated quantification of a protein layer on 3 μm polystyrene spheres.
  • Achieved sensitivity equivalent to measuring 1/10th of a full protein layer.

Conclusions:

  • This buoyant mass measurement technique offers a sensitive and general approach to quantify microparticle coatings.
  • The method reduces measurement uncertainty by minimizing the contribution of the core particle's mass.
  • It provides a valuable tool for characterizing surface modifications in scientific research.