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Design Consideration

Design Consideration

Designing a structure involves a series of considerations, primarily the material's ultimate strength, calculated through tests that measure changes under increased force until the material reaches its breaking point or limit. The ultimate load, where the material breaks, is divided by its original cross-sectional area, resulting in the ultimate normal stress or strength. The ultimate shearing stress is another significant factor taken into account.
The factor of safety is another key aspect...

Design Example: Sustainability in Concrete Building

Design Example: Sustainability in Concrete Building

As the construction industry moves towards more eco-friendly practices, concrete's adaptability and its ability to incorporate sustainable features make it a key material in the drive towards greener building solutions.
There are multiple approaches to achieve sustainability in a commercial concrete building. For instance, construct a concrete parking area under the building, utilizing pervious concrete paver blocks in open areas to facilitate rainwater collection through an underground cistern.

Design Example: Alignment of a Road Line Using GIS

Design Example: Alignment of a Road Line Using GIS

The alignment of a road line using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a critical process in civil engineering, combining advanced technology with practical decision-making. This methodology begins with the collection of geospatial data, including information on land cover, geomorphology, drainage patterns, slope, and contour details. Such data is typically acquired through satellite imagery and GIS tools, offering a comprehensive understanding of the terrain.Once the data is gathered, it...

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

Design Example: Managing Concrete Workability

This example deals with managing the workability of concrete for a raft foundation project under hot weather conditions. Workability is crucial for ensuring the concrete is easy to place, compact, and finish. In this scenario, a slump test — a common method to measure the workability of fresh concrete — initially indicated low workability. This was attributed to the rapid water loss from the concrete mix, exacerbated by the high temperatures causing the course aggregates to heat up.
To address...

Design Example: Joints in Concrete Pavements

Design Example: Joints in Concrete Pavements

Concrete pavement joints are essential for maintaining the structural integrity and longevity of pavement by controlling where and how the pavement cracks. These joints can be categorized based on their functions, such as contraction or control joints, construction joints, isolation joints, and expansion joints.
Contraction joints are typically formed by sawing a groove into the concrete shortly after it has hardened. This creates a weakened vertical plane, deliberately encouraging cracking at...

Design Example: Designing Water Slide

Design Example: Designing Water Slide

When designing a water slide, controlling the speed of water flow is crucial for rider safety while maintaining an exciting experience. As water flows down the slide, gravity causes it to accelerate, with its speed at the bottom depending on the height from which it starts. The higher the slide, the more potential energy the water has at the top, which is converted into kinetic energy as it descends, increasing its speed.
Bernoulli's principle determines the water's velocity along the slide.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Evaluating the Effect of Roadside Parking on a Dual-Direction Urban Street

Evaluating the Effect of Roadside Parking on a Dual-Direction Urban Street

Published on: January 20, 2023

Developing and implementing the Active Design Guidelines in New York City.

¹Built Environment Program, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, Gotham Center, 42-09 28th Street, #09-55, Queens, NY 11101-4132, USA.

|January 17, 2012

Summary

Promoting physical activity through urban design is crucial for public health. New York City

Area of Science:

Public Health
Urban Planning
Environmental Design

Background:

Physical inactivity is a major global cause of death, linked to obesity and chronic diseases.
The built environment significantly influences physical activity levels in populations.
Existing urban structures often discourage, rather than promote, active lifestyles.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce the Active Design Guidelines (ADG) developed by New York City.
To detail strategies for integrating physical activity promotion into urban design and construction.
To share lessons learned for other communities aiming to enhance their built environments.

Main Methods:

Development of evidence-based strategies for neighborhoods, streets, and buildings.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Evaluating the Effect of Roadside Parking on a Dual-Direction Urban Street

Evaluating the Effect of Roadside Parking on a Dual-Direction Urban Street

Published on: January 20, 2023

Collaboration between city agencies, design organizations, and academic institutions.

Publication of the Active Design Guidelines (ADG) manual in January 2010.

Main Results:

The ADG provides practical guidance for increasing physical activity.
Implementation activities are underway to integrate ADG principles into city projects.
Lessons learned are documented to facilitate broader adoption.

Conclusions:

The Active Design Guidelines offer a replicable model for creating healthier urban environments.
Integrating physical activity into the built environment is essential for public health.
Interagency collaboration and evidence-based design are key to successful implementation.