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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus.
Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
Pyloric Obstruction01:11

Pyloric Obstruction

Pyloric obstruction, also referred to as gastric outlet obstruction, is a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage at the pylorus—the muscular valve regulating the flow of stomach contents into the duodenum. When this passage becomes impaired, the stomach cannot effectively empty its contents into the small intestine. This disruption leads to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including early satiety, bloating, epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, persistent vomiting, and...
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis ("cellular eating") is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects, such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
The objective of phagocytosis is often destruction. Cells use phagocytosis to eliminate unwelcome visitors, like pathogens (e.g., viruses and bacteria). Many immune system cells, including...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Method of Studying Palatal Fusion using Static Organ Culture
04:58

Method of Studying Palatal Fusion using Static Organ Culture

Published on: September 19, 2015

Cleft palate secondary to an ingested foreign body: a learning experience.

Sohit Paul Kanotra1, Sonika Kanotra, Jitendra Paul

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, New York 10019, USA.

The Journal of Emergency Medicine
|January 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Acquired cleft palate is rare. This case shows a coin lodged in the nasopharynx caused a soft palate cleft, emphasizing the need for nasopharyngeal imaging in foreign body cases.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Method of Studying Palatal Fusion using Static Organ Culture
04:58

Method of Studying Palatal Fusion using Static Organ Culture

Published on: September 19, 2015

Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children
04:55

Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

Published on: September 11, 2018

Live Imaging of Mouse Secondary Palate Fusion
06:10

Live Imaging of Mouse Secondary Palate Fusion

Published on: July 27, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Congenital Anomalies

Background:

  • Cleft palate is typically a congenital anomaly.
  • Acquired cleft palate is uncommon, often resulting from trauma.

Observation:

  • A 4.5-year-old child presented with symptoms of nasal regurgitation and a nasal voice.
  • A history of coin ingestion two years prior was reported, with initial imaging showing no abnormalities.
  • Physical examination revealed a triangular cleft of the soft palate.

Findings:

  • Diagnosis of acquired cleft palate secondary to prolonged nasopharyngeal foreign body impaction (coin).
  • Surgical repair of the palatal defect was successfully performed under general anesthesia.

Implications:

  • Ingested foreign bodies can become lodged in the nasopharynx, leading to acquired cleft palate.
  • Nasopharyngeal X-ray studies are crucial for diagnosing foreign bodies in the aerodigestive tract, especially when initially missed.