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Echinoderms have bilateral tendencies.

Chengcheng Ji1, Liang Wu, Wenchan Zhao

  • 1College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China. jichengcheng@yahoo.com.cn

Plos One
|January 17, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adult starfish exhibit bilateral symmetry, challenging their pentameral appearance. Their behaviors and development suggest a hidden bilateral foundation, potentially aiding echinoderm evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Echinoderms typically display pentameral (five-fold) symmetry in adulthood.
  • However, their Cambrian ancestors and larval stages are bilateral.
  • This suggests a potential underlying bilateral developmental pathway.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether adult starfish exhibit bilateral tendencies in their behavior.
  • To correlate behavioral patterns with developmental axes.

Main Methods:

  • Measuring the center of gravity of starfish central discs and arms.
  • Statistically analyzing turning-over, crawling, and fleeing behaviors to determine behavioral frequency centers.
  • Identifying behavioral symmetric planes by combining gravity and frequency centers.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct behavioral symmetric planes were identified in adult starfish.
  • These planes suggest a consistent bilateral propensity in their actions.
  • The findings align with the presence of an anterior/posterior (A/P) axis during embryonic development.

Conclusions:

  • Adult starfish display significant bilateral tendencies in their behavior.
  • This behavioral bilateralism likely stems from their embryonic bilateral development.
  • The retention of bilateral mechanisms may have provided an evolutionary advantage for echinoderms.