Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Steady-State, Minimum and Maximum Concentrations

Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is commonly administered via intermittent intravenous infusion to treat severe infections. An intermittent one-hour infusion of gentamicin, administered at eight-hour intervals, allows for precise control of plasma drug concentrations, minimizing toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacokinetic principles govern the dynamics of plasma concentrations and can be mathematically described using specific equations.The plasma drug concentration...

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses

Determination of Multiple Dosing Parameters: Loading and Maintenance Doses

A loading dose is an essential pharmacological strategy to rapidly achieve the target plasma drug concentration necessary for an immediate therapeutic effect. This approach is especially critical for drugs characterized by slow absorption or extended half-lives, where delaying therapeutic plasma levels could compromise treatment outcomes. By administering a loading dose, clinicians ensure a prompt onset of drug action, even for agents with complex pharmacokinetic profiles.Achieving steady-state...

Methods of Medium Optimization

Methods of Medium Optimization

Optimizing growth media enhances microbial proliferation and maximizes product yield. Statistical experimental design methodologies provide structured and reproducible approaches, offering progressively higher levels of robustness and efficiency.The One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) MethodThe One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) method involves adjusting a single variable while keeping all others constant. However, it cannot detect interactions between variables, often leading to suboptimal outcomes when...

Chemical Equilibria: Systematic Approach to Equilibrium Calculations

Chemical Equilibria: Systematic Approach to Equilibrium Calculations

Equilibrium calculations for systems involving multiple equilibria are often complex. For example, to calculate the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt in an aqueous solution in the presence of a common ion, one must consider all the equilibria in this solution. Calculations for these systems can be complicated and tedious, so a systematic approach with a series of steps is often helpful. The process is detailed below.
The first step is to identify all the chemical reactions involved, The...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A High-Throughput Platform for Measuring and Predicting Vitrification Behavior in Multicomponent Aqueous Solutions.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026

Same author

Water and cryoprotectant permeability of mature equine oocytes: experimental measurements and in silico predictions.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Low-Cost 3D-Printed Microfluidic Devices for Rapid Prototyping and Biological Applications.

Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE·2026

Same author

Pressure enhanced dual-solid-surface ultra-rapid cooling improves post-thaw recovery in hepatocytes and precision cut liver slices.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Optimization of Immune Checkpoint Blockade via a Multiscale Model System.

Computational and systems oncology·2025

Same author

Opportunities for machine learning and artificial intelligence in physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling.

Advanced drug delivery reviews·2025

Same journal

PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition after cryoablation is associated with improved tumor control and immunosuppressive microenvironment remodeling in Lewis lung adenocarcinoma.

Cryobiology·2026

Same journal

Antifreeze protein type I preserves mitochondrial activity in in vivo-derived sheep embryos after cryopreservation: a stage-dependent effect.

Cryobiology·2026

Same journal

Multi-view cryomacroscopy: A new device for study of cryopreservation by vitrification.

Cryobiology·2026

Same journal

Protective effects of seminal exosomes on cryopreserved sperm via inhibiting oxidative damage.

Cryobiology·2026

Same journal

Identifying a suitable semen cryopreservation protocol for the restricted ovulatory leghorn chicken by screening permeable and non-permeable cryoprotectant agents.

Cryobiology·2026

Same journal

An effective strategy for rare microdissection testicular sperm involves utilizing a micro-cryopreservation technique combined with laser-assisted selection of immotile sperm after thawing.

Cryobiology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Published on: December 15, 2017

Mathematical optimization of procedures for cryoprotectant equilibration using a toxicity cost function.

James D Benson¹, Anthony J Kearsley, Adam Z Higgins

¹Applied and Computational Mathematics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.

|January 18, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Minimizing cryoprotective agent (CPA) toxicity in cell preservation involves a novel approach. Inducing cell swelling before CPA loading significantly reduces toxicity compared to traditional methods.

More Related Videos

Measuring the Densities of Aqueous Glasses at Cryogenic Temperatures

Measuring the Densities of Aqueous Glasses at Cryogenic Temperatures

Published on: June 28, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Generic Protocol for Optimization of Heterologous Protein Production Using Automated Microbioreactor Technology

Published on: December 15, 2017

Measuring the Densities of Aqueous Glasses at Cryogenic Temperatures

Measuring the Densities of Aqueous Glasses at Cryogenic Temperatures

Published on: June 28, 2017

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Cell Biology
Reproductive Medicine

Background:

Cryopreservation relies on cryoprotective agents (CPAs) for cell and tissue preservation.
High CPA concentrations can cause cellular damage through osmotic changes and chemical toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a toxicity cost function for CPA equilibration.
To define and solve an optimal control problem for minimizing CPA toxicity.
To apply these methods to human oocytes for clinical relevance.

Main Methods:

Utilized previously published data to establish a toxicity cost function.
Defined and numerically solved an optimal control problem for CPA addition.
Investigated CPA equilibration strategies for human oocytes.

Main Results:

Developed a toxicity cost function to quantify CPA-induced damage.
Identified toxicity-optimal CPA addition procedures.
Demonstrated that inducing cell swelling before CPA loading minimizes toxicity.
Predicted significantly reduced toxicity compared to conventional stepwise CPA addition.

Conclusions:

The novel toxicity-optimal procedures offer a significant reduction in CPA-related damage.
Inducing cell swelling during CPA loading is a counterintuitive but effective strategy.
These findings warrant further investigation for improved cryopreservation protocols.