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Sleep-disordered breathing in neurodegenerative diseases
1Neurology Service, Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit, Hospital Clínic and Institut d'Investigació Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Barcelona, Spain. cgaig@clinic.ub.es
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
|January 18, 2012
Summary
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is common in neurodegenerative diseases like MSA and ALS, impacting survival. While not more prevalent in Parkinson
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Sleep Medicine
- Respiratory Medicine
Background:
- Sleep disorders are prevalent in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), hereditary ataxias, and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
- The specific types and severity of sleep disturbances differ across these conditions.
- Dysfunction in brainstem nuclei and respiratory muscles elevates the risk for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in MSA and ALS.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the occurrence and impact of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in various neurodegenerative diseases.
- To highlight the distinct SDB manifestations and their clinical significance in conditions like MSA, ALS, PD, hereditary ataxias, and AD.
- To emphasize the importance of recognizing and managing SDB due to its association with morbidity and available treatments.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing research on sleep disorders in neurodegenerative diseases.
- Analysis of the prevalence and characteristics of SDB in specific neurodegenerative conditions.
- Discussion of the clinical implications, including survival and cognitive effects, of SDB in these patient populations.
Main Results:
- In MSA, stridor is a key SDB, while ALS commonly presents with nocturnal hypoventilation due to diaphragmatic weakness; both are linked to reduced survival.
- Sleep apnea is not more common in PD than the general population, but obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can cause excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in some PD patients.
- SDB, including stridor, can occur in hereditary ataxias. Concomitant OSA in AD may worsen sleep, cause EDS, and exacerbate cognitive decline, though its prevalence in AD is uncertain.
Conclusions:
- Sleep-disordered breathing is a significant comorbidity in neurodegenerative diseases, with varying presentations and impacts.
- Recognizing SDB is crucial for managing associated morbidity and improving patient outcomes.
- Effective treatments for SDB are available, underscoring the need for timely diagnosis in neurodegenerative conditions.
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