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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management01:17

Urinary Tract Infection IV: Nursing Management

In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs like...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 25, 2026

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
06:09

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

Published on: July 18, 2017

[Emphysematous pyelonephritis and cystitis concurrence; A case report].

Kenichi Hata1, Takashi Hatano, Tadashi Uno

  • 1Department of Urology, Jikei University Affiliated Kashiwa Hospital.

Kansenshogaku Zasshi. the Journal of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases
|January 19, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This case report details a rare instance of concurrent emphysematous pyelonephritis and emphysematous cystitis in a diabetic patient. Prompt diagnosis and conservative treatment led to a successful recovery.

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Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model
08:40

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model

Published on: June 23, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 25, 2026

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis
06:09

Intrarenal Injection of Escherichia coli in a Rat Model of Pyelonephritis

Published on: July 18, 2017

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model
08:40

Establishment and Characterization of UTI and CAUTI in a Mouse Model

Published on: June 23, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Emphysematous pyelonephritis and cystitis are severe infections characterized by gas formation in the renal pelvis and bladder wall, respectively.
  • Concurrent presentation of both conditions is exceptionally rare, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Observation:

  • A 57-year-old female presented with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever, with initial CT revealing an air density mass in the left kidney and pelvis.
  • Subsequent CT confirmed emphysematous changes in the left renal parenchyma and intramural bladder.
  • Laboratory findings included disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.

Findings:

  • Blood cultures identified Klebsiella pneumoniae as the causative pathogen.
  • The patient was diagnosed with sepsis secondary to concurrent emphysematous pyelonephritis and cystitis.
  • This represents the fourth reported case of this combined condition in Japan.

Implications:

  • Highlights the importance of comprehensive imaging and microbiological evaluation in patients with severe urinary tract infections and gas formation.
  • Emphasizes that conservative management with appropriate antibiotics (meropenem) and supportive care can be effective.
  • Underscores the critical role of glycemic control in managing diabetic patients with severe infections.